ANIMAL ETHICAL GUIDELINES - ANS- 1. care over caging
2. avoid distress
3. qualified researcher
4. cost-benefit analysis
5. look for alternatives
ANIMAL RESEARCH - ANS- STRENGTHS:
1. valid
2. long term effects can be studied
3. invasive
4. reliable
WEAKNESSES:
1. anthropomorphic
2. ecological validity
3. consent
BANDURA 1961 - ANS- AIM
- to see if children would imitate a role model's aggressive behaviour.
PROCEDURE
- lab experiment, 72 children
- first children played in a set up of a playroom, and an aggressive, non-aggressive or no role
model was seen portraying stylised aggression towards the doll or playing with the tinker toys.
- children subject to mild aggression arousal by denying them use of certain toys
- children left alone with bobo doll, 20 minutes with observations taken through one way mirror
FINDINGS
- more imitative aggression of children in aggressive model condition of 16 acts compared to 9.5
and 12.6
CONCLUSION
- children do learn through observation of role models
- more likely to imitate same sex model behaviour
BANDURA 1963 - ANS- AIM
- to investigate the influence of on screen aggression on imitation compared to real life
aggression
PROCEDURE
- lab experiment, 96 children, matched pairs
- brought into a playroom, tv turned on by researcher as child played
, - child taken to another room, told they could not play with the best toys - causing aggression
- child brought back into playroom with a bobo doll, were observed at 5 second intervals for 20
minutes
FINDINGS
- real model 83 aggressive acts
- filmed model 92 aggressive acts
- cartoon model 99 aggressive acts
- control 54 aggressive acts
CONCLUSION
- children observe and imitate behaviour from role models on film
- children are more likely to imitate same sex role model
BANDURA 1965 - ANS- AIM
to see if vicarious punishment and reward affected how the children imitated a role model
PROCEDURE
- laboratory experiment, 66 children
- children observed a film of the aggressive role model and the consequences for the role model
- children taken to another room and subject to mild stimulation arousal
- child returned to playroom with bobo doll, observed for 5 minutes
- child told they would get juice and stickers if imitated what they saw
FINDINGS
- children did not imitate the role model when punished
- children were most aggressive when given direct reward
- boys were more aggressive than girls
CONCLUSION
- vicarious punishment reduces imitative behaviour
- gender influences aggression
- direct reward is more effective motivation that vicarious reward
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