Summary
Summary 1. Encoding, Duration and Capacity of memory
Detailed Memory Essay Plans of the full AQA Psychology Topic including Key words, AO1 Points followed by A03 Evaluation points. Information is simplified for revision purposes
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● A01 Encoding, Duration and CapacityEncoding: The way in which information is stored in memory stores
Duration: how long can information be held in mem
Capacity: the measure of how much information that can be held in the
memory store
● A01/ AO3: Short Term Memory
STM capacity: A limited capacity: 7 +/- 2 items
- Miller: concluded that the immediate span of memory is about 7
items approx. Predisposed to remember this and chunking is a
method used to recall information.Jacobs (1887) Digit Span Test:
presented participants with a list of letters or numbers.
Participants then had to recall the list in order. Averages: 9.3 items
and 7.3 letters
- Size of the chunk matters: It affects how many chunks you can
remember.Simon (1974) found that people had a shorter memory
span for larger chunks than smaller chunks. Continues to support
the view that STM has limited capacity
- Individual differences: Jacobs also found that recall increased
steadily with age; 8yrs remember 6.6digits in comparison to 19yrs
= 8.6 digits this could be due to brain changes and development of
strategies- chunking. Suggests that capacity isn't fixed and ID
plays a role. Overlooks complexity of human behaviour.
STM Duration: 18-30 seconds
- Peterson and Peterson 1959)
- There were 24 pps,each took part in 8 trials.They were given a trigram to
recall.They had to count backwards from the 3 digit number until told to
stop(in order to prevent any mental rehearsal of the trigram).On each trial
they were asked to recall after a retention interval, where they had to
count backwards from 3 digit number.
- findings suggested that the STM has a short duration unless verbal
rehearsal occurs as only 2% correct after 18 secs, 20%= 9 and 90%= 3
- Artificial task: Trying to memorise constant syllables doesn't reflect most
daily activities where what we are trying to remember is meaningful.
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