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Petroleum Refining Exam Questions And Answers 2025
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Petroleum Refining Exam Questions And Answers 2025
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Terms in this set (100) Q&APetroleum Refining Exam Questions And
Answers 2025
Absorbent - The material that can selectively remove a target constituent
from another compound by dissolving it.
Absorption - A variation on fractionation. In a distilling column the stream to
be separated is introduced in vapor form near the bottom. An absorbing
liquid, called lean oil, is introduced at the top. The lean oil properties are
such that as the two pass each other, the lean oil will selectively absorb
components of the stream to be separated and exit the bottom of the
fractionator as fat oil. The fat oil is then more easily separated into the
extract and lean oil in conventional fractionation.
,Terms in this set (100) Q&A
Adsorbents - Special materials like activated charcoal, alumina, or silica
gel, used in an adsorption process that selectively cause some
compounds, but not others, to attach themselves mechanically as liquids.
Adsorption - A process for removing target constituents from a stream by
having them condense on an adsorbent, which is then taken off-line so the
target constituents can be recovered.
Alkylation - 1. A refining process in which propylene or butylene is reacted
with isobutylene to form a high octane gasoline blending component
alkylate.
2. Any chemical process in which an alkyl group (a group derived from a
paraffin) is connected to another organic compound.
American Petroleum Institute (API) - An association which, among many
other things, sets technical standards for measuring, testing, and other
types of handling of petroleum.
API - An acronym for the American Petroleum Institute.
API Gravity - An arbitrary scale used for characterizing the gravity of a
petroleum product. The degrees API (written degrees API) are related to
specific gravity by the formula: degrees API = [141.5/(sp.gr. @15c / 15c)] -
131.5.
Aromatics - 1. A group of hydrocarbons characterized by having at least
one benzene ring type structure of six carbon atoms with three double and
three single bonds connecting them somewhere in the molecule. The
, Terms in this set (100) Q&A
simplest is benzene itself, plus toluene and the xylenes. Aromatics in gas
oils and residuals can have many, even scores, of rings.
2. The three aromatics compounds- benzene, toluene, and xylene.
Asphalt - 1. A heavy, semisolid petroleum product that gradually softens
when heated and is used for surface cementing. Typically brown or black in
color, it is composed of high carbon-to-hydrogen hydrocarbons. It occurs
naturally in crude oil or can be distilled or extracted.
2. The end product used for area surfacing consisting of refinery asphalt
mixed with aggregate.
Asphaltenes - Polyaromatic materials in heavy residues characterized by
not being soluble in aromatic-free, low boiling point solvents. They are
soluble in carbon disulfide.
Associated Natural Gas - Natural gas that is dissolved in crude in the
reservoir and is coproduced with the crude oil.
Barrel - A standard of measurement in the oil industry; equivalent to 42
U.S. gallons, 35 Imperial gallons, or 159 liters.
Benzene - The chemical C6H6, consisting of a six-carbon ring connected
by double and single bonds. Benzene has excellent octane characteristics
but is carcinogenic and therefore its content in gasoline is limited severely
by regulation. Benzene is used in a large number of chemical processes,
including those to make styrene and nylon.
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