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Biology 20 Final Exam (Alberta)
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Neutrophils - ✔✔White blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, multilobed nuceli, granulated, 10-14 um
Basophils - ✔✔White Blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, lobed nuclei, irregularly shaped, release
histamine, promotes blood flow to injury, granulated, 10-12 um, nucleus fills whole cell
Eosinophils - ✔✔White Blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, bilobed nuceli, granulated, 10-14 um,
phagocytize antigen - antibody complexes
Monocytes - ✔✔White Blood Cell, Can leave blood stream, further specialize as macrophages that
destroy bacteria, kidney shaped nuclei, nongranular
Lymphocytes - ✔✔White Blood Cell, non granular, thymus and red bone marrow, play role in the
formation of antibodies(defense function)
Plasma - ✔✔Fluid portion of the blood, made up of water plus dissolved gases, proteins, sugars,
vitamins, minerals, hormones, waste products. Transports blood cells, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.
Red Blood Cell - ✔✔(Erythrocyte) Blood cell that contains the respiratory protein hemoglobin and is
specialized for oxygen transport, no nucleus (formed part of blood)
White Blood Cell - ✔✔(leukocyte) Colorless blood cell that protects the body from infection by way of the
immune response, plays a role in allergic reactions and inflammation. Three types: granulocytes,
monocytes, lymphocytes (formed part of blood)
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Platelet - ✔✔Component of the formed portion of the blood, consisting of fragments of cells that are
created when larger cells in the bone marrow break apart, contains no nucleus and plays a key role in
blood clotting
Vasodilation - ✔✔Expansion in the diameter of blood vessels; near the skin brings more blood to the
surface to reduce body temperature
Vasoconstriction - ✔✔Decrease in the diameter of blood vessels; near the skin conserves body heat
Atrioventricular (AV) node - ✔✔Bundle of specialized muscle tissue located int he wall of the right
atrium; receives electrical stimulus from the SA nose and transmits this impulse over the walls of the
ventricles to start their contraction
Bundle of His - ✔✔Bundle of specialized fibers through which an electrical signal is transmitted from the
AV node, initiating the contraction of the right and left ventricles
Aorta - ✔✔Major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to all regions of the body,
except lungs
Tricuspid Valve - ✔✔(atrioventricular) Separates the right atria and ventricle, 3 flaps
Bicuspid Valve - ✔✔(atrioventricular) Separates the left atria and ventricle, 2 flaps
Semilunar Valves - ✔✔(Aortic + Pulmonary) Look like half moons, keep the blood when it is pumped to
the lungs and body from leaking back into the heart
Circulatory System - ✔✔System of vessels that transports blood, the cells and substances suspended and
dissolved in blood throughout the body. Links all systems; transports oxygen, waste, nutrients,
hormones, medicine, enzymes, etc. Regulates internal temperature, protects against blood loss from
injury, disease causing microbes, or toxic substances introduced to the body.
Cardiovascular System - ✔✔The heart and blood vessels, cardio= heart, vascular= vessels
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Pulmonary Pathway - ✔✔Heart to lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Pathway - ✔✔Heart to body and back to the heart
Coronary Pathway - ✔✔Heart to heart vessels and back to the heart
Heart's Functions - ✔✔Pump blood through the body, keep oxygen rich blood separated from oxygen
poor blood, ensure that blood flows only in one direction through the body
Capillaries - ✔✔The smallest blood vessel; gases and other substances are exchanged between the
circulatory system and body tissues across one cell capillary wall
Sinoatrial Node - ✔✔Bundle of specialized muscle tissue located in the wall of the right atrium of the
mammalian heart; generates an electrical impulse that stimulates cardiac muscle fibers to contract and
relax rhythmically, producing a regular heart beat (organic pacemaker)
Cardiac Output - ✔✔Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume (mL/min); average output = total
volume of blood that circulates through the heart once per minute
Atherosclerosis - ✔✔Build up of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, and fibrous tissues) on the inside of
artery walls. Blood flow is decreased and blood pressure increased; Angioplasty and coronary bypass
Blood - ✔✔Tissue with a solid and fluid portion
Aldosterone - ✔✔Type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulates the distal tubule and
collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium into the bloodstream, followed by the
passive absorption of water and chloride
ADH - ✔✔Hormone regulated by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland that increases
the permeability of the distal tubule and collecting duct in the nephrons of the kidneys, allowing more
water to be reabsorbed into the blood from the filtrate
Author. Emily Charlene, ©2025 All Rights Reserved.
