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Clemson Stat 2220 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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Clemson Stat 2220 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Categorical variable - places an individual into one of several groups or categories Numerical (quantitative) variables - have values that represent a counted or measured quantity Observational studies - Researchers carefully and systemat...

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  • January 8, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • clemson stat 2220 exam 1 questions and answers 100

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  • Clemson Biol 2220
  • Clemson Biol 2220

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Clemson Stat 2220 Exam 1 Questions
and Answers 100% Pass

Categorical variable - ✔✔places an individual into one of several groups or categories


Numerical (quantitative) variables - ✔✔have values that represent a counted or measured quantity


Observational studies - ✔✔Researchers carefully and systematically observe and record behavior without

interfering with behavior.


Response variable - ✔✔measures an outcome of a study


Sample survey - ✔✔a study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of

learning something about the entire population


Census - ✔✔includes entire population, requires time and money, can be over or under counted.


Experiment - ✔✔actively impose treatment for a response


Voluntary response - ✔✔sampling design where individuals can choose on their own whether to

participate in the sample **Bias because attracts people who feel strongly


Ex: write-in or call-in


How to generalize from random sample to entire population - ✔✔Turn fact about sample into estimate

about the population


Parameter - ✔✔(n.) a determining or characteristic element; a factor that shapes the total outcome; a limit,

boundary. Usually unknown and doesnt vary




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Statistic - ✔✔a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample. Usually known and

varies


p hat - ✔✔sample proportion (statistic). # for opinion/ sample size. smaller sample= more variable


Margin of error - ✔✔a measure of the accuracy. 1/sq root of sample size


Confidence statement applies to... - ✔✔population not sample.


How much larger to be twice as accurate? - ✔✔4 x sample size because [(2)]^2


Sampling error - ✔✔results differ of sample to population


Random sampling error - ✔✔the deviation between the sample statistic and the population parameter

caused by chance in selecting a random sample. Always present


Non-sampling error - ✔✔a bias that occurs in a research study regardless of whether a sample or census

is used


Sampling frame - ✔✔a list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn


Undercoverage - ✔✔leave out a group in sampling frame


Erroneous inclusions - ✔✔frame includes units not included in population of interest


Multiple inclusions - ✔✔population members appear multiple times in frame


Processing errors - ✔✔mistakes in mechanical tasks such as doing arithmetic or entering responses into a

computer


Response error - ✔✔error that occurs when an individual provides an inaccurate response, consciously or

subconsciously, to a survey item


Nonresponse error - ✔✔not answering. most serious non sampling error




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