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AP Human Geography Exam Review Questions and Answers 2025
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AP Human Geography Exam Review
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AP Human Geography Exam Reviewabsolute location - answer the actual space a place occupies on Earth's surface
acculturation - answer the change that occurs within a culture when it adopts a practice
from another culture
agglomeration effects - answer the cost advantages (external economies) for an
individual company gained by locating near similar industries or companies
agribusiness - answer Commercial agriculture in which large corporations own and
operate various steps in the production process with an emphasis on profit
agricultural density - answer the number of people living in rural areas per unit of
agricultural land
alliance - answer an association among countries for the purpose of mutual defense or
trade
animism - answer the belief that spirits (including ancestral) live within objects such as
animals, rivers, rocks, trees, and mountains
antecedent boundary - answerA boundary placed before the cultural landscape was
developed
artifact - answerTangible pieces of material culture
assimilation - answerThe process in which immigrants become totally integrated into the
host culture
backwash effect - answerThe negative impact to the peripheral region sometimes
caused by increased flows of labor and capital into a nearby high-growth region
basic sector - answerGoods and services produced for individuals outside the urban
work area
bid-rent curve - answerThe concept that the concentric circles in Burgess's concentric
zone model are based on the amount people are willing to pay for land in each zone
biotechnology - answerThe application of scientific techniques to modify and improve
plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value
,built environment - answerThe material culture of an environment
carrying capacity - answerThe number of people an area can support on a sustained
basis
central business district (CBD) - answerThe business area found at the center of every
older central city and urban area
central place theory - answerA theory developed by Walter Christaller that states that
cities exist for economic reasons and that people gather in cities to share goods and
ideas
centrifugal force - answerA strong, divisive force, such as religious differences or a
weak communication systems, at work in a country
centripetal force - answerA strong, unifying force, such as a charismatic leader or
nationalism, at work in a country
chain migration - answerThe part of a migrant flow (usually relatives and friends) that
follows former migrants to an area
channelized migration - answerRepetitive pattern of migration not linked to family or
ethnicity (senior citizens moving to the Sun Belt)
charter group - answerThe first group of settlers to establish a new and lasting culture
and society is an area
compact state - answerA state that is basically round in shape, such as Poland or
Bhutan)
colonialism - answerA system in which a country declares control over a territory or
people outside its own boundaries, usually for economic purposes
commodity chain - answerA chain of activities from the manufacturing to the distribution
of a product
concentric zone model - answerThe model of urban land use developed by Burgess
which demonstrates the invasion and succession processes that occur as the city grows
and expands outward
confederation - answerA loose association of states organized for the purpose of
retaining cohesion, such as the former republic of the USSR
congregation - answerAn ethnic group's grouping together in a specific part of the city to
support each other and minimize conflicts with those in the non-ethnic group
, consequent boundary - answerA type of subsequent boundary that is drawn to
accommodate existing linguistic, cultural, or religious boundaries
conservation agriculture - answerA modern method of farming that balances maximum
crop yield with sustainable farming methods and protection of the environment
creative destruction - answerThe reinvestment of funds in new, profitable ventures and
regions that were once used to fund ventures and regions that are now not as profitable
creole - answerA simplified mixture of two or more languages that is adopted in areas of
cultural diversity
crude birth rate (CBR) - answerThe number of babies born per 1000 people per year
crude death rate (CDR) - answerThe number of deaths per 1000 people per year
crude density - answerThe number of people per unit of land (also called arithmetic
density)
cultural barrier - answerhindrances to cultural diffusion that occur in a society and keep
cultural traits from spreading
cultural diffusion - answerThe process in which culture is spread from one region to
another
cultural landscape - answerThe unique landscape made up of all parts of a culture-both
material and nonmaterial
culture - answerThe cluster of traits that make a group of people special and unique
culture region - answerA portion of the Earth's surface occupied by populations sharing
recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics
culture hearth - answerA place where innovations and new ideas originate and spread
outward (diffuse) to other regions
culture trait - answerA single feature of a culture, such as religion or language
decolonization - answerThe process by which former colonies gain their independence
from the mother country
deindustrialization - answerThe reduction in industrial activity that occurs when
decreased profits and declining business cause a reduction in industrial employment
demographic transition model - answerA model that shows the link between population
growth and economic development using four or five stages of economic development
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