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  3. Royal Holloway University Of London
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  5. BSc Psychology
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  7. PS1040 (PS1040)

Lecture notes

PS1040 Full Notes

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Notes from every lecture covering all material for PS1040 Lifespan and Development. Key content for exam. Includes notes of.. - Historical and conceptual approaches -Physical development -Perceptual and cognitive development -Social and emotional development.

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  • April 29, 2020
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  • 2018/2019
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Lifespan and Development
PS1040

Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky
What is cognitive development?
 How the cognitive processes develop through an individual’s lifespan
o Thinking
o Reasoning
o Learning
o Memory
o Attention

Piaget (1896 -1980) Vygotsky (1896 – 1934)
How children understand the physical and Focused on social interactions with more
social world (The Psychology of the Child) developed individuals, learning through
others’ experiences.
CONSTRUCTIVIST – child constructs SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY – shared
knowledge by engaging with the world. learning becomes internalised.
Generating and testing theories.
Behaviourism, child passively soaks up Young children provide a running
information from their environment commentary to their own actions and
thoughts (PRIVATE SPEECH) that is vital in
driving development.
Allows children to reflect on their
processing. It is a foundation for all higher
cognitive processes.
KEY PRINCIPLES – KEY PRINCIPLES –
 Maturation (unfolding of biological  Mediators (psychological tools
changes that are genetically generated by the social and cultural
programmed) developmental context)
 Activity (active learner)  Elementary mental functions
 Social Transition (Learning from (biological functions that emerge
others) spontaneously)
 Equilibration (Assimilation and  Higher mental functions.
Accommodation of schemas, (coordinate cognitive processes
adjusting knowledge) such as voluntary attention,
intentional remembering, abstract
thinking, problem solving)
 Zone of Proximal Development
(how a child is allowed to reach
their potential if given the right
support. SOCIAL INTERATIONS ->
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT)
 Make-Believe Play (crucial to
cognitive and social development.

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