Case-control study - anscomparison of people who do and those that do not have a particular
condition ex. people who have diabetes are overweight
Cohort study - ansresearchers analyze data from a selected group of people at intervals over a
certain period of time
ex. Framingham heart study has followed 5,000 participants over the last 60 years and found those
with high cholesterol more likely to have a heart attack
Define hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia - anshyper: high blood glucose levels
hypo: low blood glucose levels
Define myocardial infarction and stroke - ansmyocardial infarction is a heart attack where blood
flow to the heart is blocked
, stroke is when blood flow to the brain is blocked
Define nutrient density and empty calories - ansnutrient density: small number of calories and lots
of vitamins and minerals
empty calories: sugars/fats, calories without nutrients that aren't fulfilling
Describe the transport of digested fat - anschylomicron→lympth→subclavian vein→general
circulation→chylomicron remnant→liver
Describe the transportation of synthesized fat starting with VLDL and ending with scavenger pathway. -
ansVLDL deposits fat and become VLDL remnant to low density protein, receptor pathway for cholesterol
uptake, scavenger pathway for cholesterol uptake
Difference between glycogen and starch? - ansGlycogen: hundreds of glucose units in long, highly branched
chains, storage form of CHO, (stored in liver and muscles)
Starch: thousands of glucose molecules in either occasionally branched chains or unbranched chains
Different characteristics of type one and type two diabetes - anstype one: genetic, diagnosed under 30, insulin
injections required
type two: diagnosed over age 30, often linked with obesity, 90-95% cases, treatment includes diet therapy,
medication and exercise
Double blind study - anshas an experimental group and a control group and subjects are randomly assigned so
that neither researchers nor subjects know which group they're in
Epidemiology - ansstudy of diseases in populations
Explain enterohepatic circulation - ansbile stored in gall bladder, small intestine emulsifies fats and it goes to
colon or blood then liver bile (from cholesterol) goes back to the gall bladder
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