Summary
Summary Topic 4 William Withering and Clinical Trialing
Edexcel Biology Topic 4 William Withering and Clinical Trialing, Placebo
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William Withering Digitalis soupWilliam
Withering
No preclinical
S.I units
triding
↓
Observe recovery
foxglove ,
of patient of dropsy
extract active
ingredients
after drinking to
dupply large group of patients with dropsy with
foxglove
↳ until observe toxic
lowly effects
increase
dosage side
results
Meticulously record all
Modern
day drug trialing
Potential substances are
analysed and he active
ingredient
is identified
↓
Pre-chnical trials on animals andtissue cultures are
tested
. To test
for toxic side effects
&
Clinical Phase & :
individuals
small of healthy
-
group
-
placebo group us
drug group
↳ to observe toxic side
effects
any
examining
metabolism excretion
(efficacy
-
,
-
dosage
.
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