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Cell Structure and Membrane
Support
Created @October 23, 2024 10:17 AM
Class Cells to Systems
Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleolus (Produces RNA and ribosomes)
Centrosomes (Mitosis)
Cell membrane (Barrier covering the cell, cell transport regulation,
organelle isolation from cytoplasm, lipid bilayer, allows cell to change
shape)
Lipid bilayer (Hydrophobic lipid tails, fat soluble substances can cross
membrane, amino acids and proteins use transporters to get across, ions
use ion channels as transportation)
Ribosomes (Protein factory)
Smooth Endoplastic Reticulum (Produces lipids, steroids and vitamins)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Protein transport)
Golgi Apparatus (Sorting office for proteins and waste excretion)
Vesicle (Transports materials, destroys toxic substances and prevents cell
damage)
Nucleus (DNA)
Mitochondria (Powerhouse, ATP Production, able to self replicate, used in
apoptosis)
Cell Structure and Membrane Support 1
, Cytoplasm (Jelly like substance providing function to cells and produces a
chemical environment)
Protein Synthesis Steps:
Transcription- RNA Polymerase combines with DNA strand, nucleotides
are used for mRNA construction
Translation- mRNA leaves the nucleus and takes tRNA from a ribosome,
tRNA has amino acids that bonds with another group of amino acids in
mRN The process produces polypeptide chains
Golgi Apparatus- sorts and packages proteins before they are sent off in a
vesicle
Cytoskeleton provides a landing point for proteins
DNA Replication
DNA Primase creates RNA molecules as primers for DNA polymerases
Method 1:
Double helix splits into 2 sections, ACGT bases are added by RNA prim
Nucleotides are added to continue the replication process
Method 2:
Short sections of the strand forms Okazaki fragments which are linked
together by Ligase enzymes, creates the ‘Leading and Lagging Strands’
IONS MOVE ACROSS THE MEMBRANE USING A PUMP AND ACQUIRED ATP.
THE DIFFERENCE IN CHARGE BETWEEN THE IONS CREATES AN
ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT.
CELLS CAN BECOME POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED DEPENDING ON
THE IONS ABSORBED
Cell Structure and Membrane Support 2
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