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Unit 2 Applied science
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
This course work is for unit 2 Heating and cooling curves i got a D for this work.
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IntroductionI am a newly appointed assistant at a technical assistant at a large
chemical plant called chemcalecuip.I will be performing several
experiments and showing my understanding to progress within the field
such as; demonstrating my knowledge of heating and cooling curves by
carrying out a practical and plotting my results on a graph and presenting
how the substance temperature changes as it heated up making it an
exothermic reaction helping the rate at which intermolecular forces break
their bonds from the vibrations caused by the energy and the opposite for
cooling which is and endothermic which absorbs heat from the
surroundings reaction making it change state. Also performing calibration
for the thermometer and balance will make my results more accurate.
Furthermore, recording the temperature for paraffin wax and stearic acid
every 30 seconds with precise timing to avoid any anomalous results
creates a larger data pool to work with. The main purpose of the
experiment is to observe the heating a cooling curve on stearic acid and
paraffin acid; plotting it on a graph and creating a gradient also tests the
accuracy of the thermometers but also the way we perform the
experiment and how it will affect our results which we will then compare
to another students to see if everything was performed correctly.
States of matter
Heating curves display how the temperature of a substance changes
when it is heated up the heat energy within the particles cause them to
vibrate frequently and change states of matter, whereas cooling curves
demonstrate the opposite, showing how the temperature adjusts during
cooling. In summary, heating and cooling curves illustrate how energy
converts is properties during a state change. Water boils at 100° and
freezes at 0°, which occurs when water loses its thermal energy. In stearic
acid the solidifying point is 30^ , this happens when the particles slow
down and lose their kinetic energy, causing them to become more closely
packed together and the attractive forces restrict particles therefore
forming the crystal of a solid to form.
Stearic acid
It is a saturated monobasic acid (an acid that only has one hydrogen atom
to donate) with 18 hydrocarbon lengths and is made from hydrolysis
(splitting a bond and adding an element of water) of animal fat or
hydrogenation of vegetable oil.
,Parafin wax is a mixture of different straight chain hydrocarbons and has
between 20-40 carbons which ranges in melting points it is obtained from
the petroleum by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks and it is used in the
experiment heating and cooling curve its melting point is 37°.It has polar
covalent compound bonding since the electronegativity in hydrogen and
carbon atoms has a small difference. The intermolecular forces that hold
the wax together are called London dispersion forces are attraction
between nonpolar molecules, the unequal distribution of electrons around
the nucleus makes electrostatic forces of attraction between atoms or
molecules.
Structure of paraffin wax
Hypothesis
, My prediction for the experiment is that the cooling curve will be
steep and steady because of the research done prior exploring that
paraffin wax and stearic acid take a short period of time to solidify
and the energy that we used to melt the solids will be the same
energy that will release when the contents resolidify. During thermal
heating, the hydrogen bonds of stearic acid may break completely
due to its weak intermolecular forces.
Health and safety
Do not enter the lab without a supervisor or teacher
No eating or drinking whilst performing the experiment
Any concerns or injuries need to be reported straight away to a
member of staff that’s present in the lab
Wear proper lab gear such as goggles, a lab coat. must be on
until everything is put away, and the teacher says it is okay to
take them off.
Handle glassware carefully
Before using a Bunsen burner tie all hair up that could
potentially get in the way
Risk assessment
Equipment Risk Prevention Treatment
Bunsen Can cause burns Wearing lab Wash the area
burner which will then gear such as with cold water
lead to lab coat and and if its severe
inflammation on goggles also seek for medical
the hand being help
careful when
lighting the
flame
Glassware Glass can break Wearing lab Seek for a
and if not handled gear and member of staff
carefully may handling all ,that will get
result in a cut and the glass first aid and
bleeding equipment plaster the cut
with care
Boiling water Can cause burns Wearing lab Run under cold
coat and water and seek
proper lab for assistance .
gear
Paraffin wax Inhalation Wear all lab Drink enough
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