Summary
Full Summary notes for Hazards topic
- Module
- Hazards (AQA7401)
- Institution
- AQA
In-depth complete notes on the Geography A Level topic Hazards, including potential case studies.
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HAZARDSGEOG AS PORTFOLIO
SAVIN
, What are hazards?
Disasters however will only occur
Hazards are potential threats to human when a vulnerable population is
life and property caused by an event, exposed to a hazard. A vulnerable
they can be caused by humans or occur population being one that will be
naturally known as natural hazards. significantly disrupted by it.
An event only becomes a hazard when it If the population is not vulnerable
becomes a threat to people. it will not have a significant effect
and so is not disastrous.
Hazards can also be classed as a
The 3 types of hazards are geophysical mixture of geographical processes
(hazards caused by land processes), and those that are both
atmospheric (hazards caused by atmospheric and hydrological are
atmospheric processes and the classed as hydrometeorological
conditions created because of these hazards.
such as weather systems e.g wildfires)
and Hydrological (hazards caused by
water bodies and movement).
, Perception
People have many viewpoints of how dangerous hazards are
and what risk they pose, these are dependent on lifestyle RESPONSES:
factors including cultural elements.
(Passive)
Wealth- The financial situation of a person will affect how Fatalism – hazards are uncontrollable natural events and
they look at a hazard, wealthier people may perceive them any losses should be accepted as you cannot stop them
to be smaller as they have the ability to evacuate with (Active)
transport or build stronger houses, or they may view it as
Prediction – using scientific research and past events in
greater as there is more risk of property damage and order to predict when a hazard will take place so
financial loss. warnings may be delivered and impacts can be reduced
Adaptation – Attempting to live with hazards by adjusting
Experience- Someone who has experienced more hazards lifestyle choices (earthquake-proof houses)
may be more likely to understand the full effects of a
Mitigation – Those that lessen the severity of a hazard
hazard, there are also sources suggesting people who
experience them are likely to have optimistic or unrealistic Management – coordinated strategies to reduce a
hazard’s effect
outlooks on future hazards.
Risk sharing – a form of community preparedness where
Education – A person who is more educated on hazards and the community shares the risk and invests collectively to
mitigate the impacts (This can be shown in New Zealand
their full effects on people may view a hazard as more where the Canterbury earthquake in 2010 cost 20% of
dangerous GDP so attempts to share the risk through insurance
investments, so strategies can be put in place before the
Religion- Some view hazards as put there by Gods, or being disasters rather than investing more in a clean up.
part of a cycle of life so may not perceive them to be
negative, in contrast those who believe in science may
perceive hazards such as climate change to be a huge risk.
Mobility- Those who have limited access to escape a hazard
may perceive hazards to be greater threats than they are,
whether they are in a secluded location with limited
infrastructure or if they are impaired with a disability those
who cannot easily leave an area feel more at risk.
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