Summary table study guide compiling all important infectious disease of animal reproductive tract and diagnosis methods. Table organized by animal species, disease description, clinical signs, diagnosis, prevention and control.
🧫Infectious Diseases of the Genital Tract🩸
Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Method: Description Sample Limitation
Bacterial Culture Detects various pathogens Aseptically taken swabs or tissues Contamination with environmental bacteria or PM
of affected organs invaders
In abortions - fetal stomach Not all bacteria can be cultured
contents (or liver, lung)
Recent antibiotic treatment
PCR, antigen-ELISA Detect specific pathogens Fresh tissue for which the pathogen Delay between initial infection → presentation of
has a tropism clinical signs may result in pathogen not being
Answers whether the detectable anymore
pathogen we are looking for
is there or not Proof of relevance of detection
Advanced autolysis leading to degradation of
pathogen components and false negatives
Special Stains of tissue is touched on the slide Affected tissues, often placenta in Not necessarily specific for a single pathogen
impression smears and it leaves behind its abortions
imprint in the form of cells Pathogen presence not homogenous throughout
on glass slide tissue
Autolysis/degradation can result in false negative
Histopathology Uses antibodies to detect Collect up to 1cm thick of tissue into Tissue degradation due to autolysis/putrefaction
(IHC/detection of antigens in tissue samples >10x volume formalin
inclusion bodies) Pathogen been and gone
need fast fixation - if too thick no IHC available
tissue will rot
1
, Detection of antibody Detects antibodies that Possible delay between:
(Serology) indicate a person has been Blood serum and other body fluids.
exposed to a virus or other - Infection of dam and fetus
infectious agent. in dam (blood)
- Infection of fetus and reproductive failure
- Single serological titre only become apparent
demonstrates exposure to
pathogen (can be
historic/vaccination)
- ideally demonstrating
rising antibody titre
in fetus (free fetal fluids -
pleural/pericardial fluid)
- if epitheliochorial
placentation then confirms
infection of fetus
- only useful once fetus is
immunocompetent
- limited number of available
validated tests on fetus
fluids
2
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