This assignment is done to the best possible level, which allowed me to earn a distinction in this unit and to earn a double distinction star at the end of my BTEC Level 3 Diploma in Sport course.
Unit 1, Assignment 3 – Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy Systems – Josh Lavery
Left ventricle: The left ventricle is located in the lower left of the heart, underneath the left
atrium. The role of the left ventricle is to pump blood all around the body via the aorta.
Right Ventricle: The right ventricle is located in the lower right of the heart, underneath the
right atrium. The role of the right ventricle is to pump blood to the lungs to collect oxygen
from the pulmonary artery.
Left Atria: The left atrium is located on the left posterior side of the heart, above the left
ventricle. The role of the atrium is to pump oxygenated blood around the body from the
pulmonary artery.
Right Atria: The right atrium is located in the upper right corner of the heart. The role of the
right atrium is to receive deoxygenated blood from the body from the inferior vena cava.
Bicuspid/Mitral valve: The bicuspid valve is located at the left of the heart. The role of the
bicuspid valve permits blood to travel from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
Tricuspid valve: the tricuspid valve is located in the lower right of the heart. The role of this
valve is to prevent back flow of blood.
Aortic valve: The aortic valve is located at the middle left of the heart. Its role is to close off
the lower left chamber that has oxygenated blood.
Pulmonary valve: The pulmonary valve is located in the centre of the heart. The role of the
pulmonary valve is to push blood into the artery.
Aorta: The aorta is located in the top left of the heart. The role of the aorta in the heart is to
pump oxygenated blood round the body.
Vena Cava: There is two vena cavas in the body, which are inferior and superior. The
superior is located in the top right of the heart and the inferior vena cava is located in the
bottom right of the heart, they both have the same role of brining oxygenated blood back to
the body.
Pulmonary vein: The location of the pulmonary vein is under the pulmonary artery in the
top left of the heart. The role of the pulmonary vein is to carry oxygenated blood from the
lungs.
Pulmonary artery: The pulmonary artery is located in the top left of the heart, above the
pulmonary vein. The role of the pulmonary artery is to carry deoxygenated blood to the
lungs.
Septum: The location of the septum is the thick muscle wall in the middle of the heart. The
role of the septum is to separate the two sides of the heart and prevents oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood to mix.
, 5 Blood Vessels
Veins: Veins are blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the
heart. However, the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both carry oxygenated blood back to
the heart. The structure of a vein is made up of three main layers: Tunica intima, Tunica
media and Tunica externa. The size of a vein can consist up to 1 millimetre to 1.5
centimetres in diameter, the vena cava being the largest vein the body and the smallest vein
in the body are the venules, another type of blood vessel.
Venules: Venules are the smallest vein in the body, these very small blood vessels allow
deoxygenated blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the larger blood vessels
called veins. Venules are extremely small, so small that their size ranges from 7 micrometre
to 1 millimetre in diameter, and all of these venules come together to form a vein. Venules
also allow deoxygenated blood through the body.
Arteries: Arteries are blood vessels that takes blood away from the hear and then takes it to
all around the body for example: Tissues and lungs. The majority of the arteries carry
oxygenated blood but the exceptions of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries which carry
deoxygenated blood.
Arterioles: The arterioles are the smallest type of arteries that branch off into capillaries.
Arterioles have a small lumen (opening), but they have thick walls. They also carry
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