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Summary D: Challenges from secularisation

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Providing an indepth, detailed and clear overview of part D to Theme 3 in the Christianity specification for Religious Studies, A Level. This resource will guarrantee a grade A/A* to any student who studies from it, as it has broken down the complicated textbooks into a simplified form for everyone...

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  • July 1, 2020
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Theme 3: Significant historical developments in religious thought
Challenges from secularisation

Secularisation = process of society moving away from religion – can refer to movement from
official/public forms [rituals & ceremonies] and/or private forms [attitudes, beliefs & values]

Anglican Communion = worldwide association of episcopal [having bishop] churches

Church of England = Church body that’s part of Anglican communion & is state [or ‘established’]
Church in England

Whether UK can be called ‘Christian country’

 Up to 30% of all primary & secondary schools in some regions have Christian affiliation & 26
Bishops sit in House of Lords

What’s underneath ‘Christian surface’?

 2011 Census indicated that 54% of population affiliated with Christianity – doesn’t mean
54% active in church

 British Social Attitudes Survey shows >15% report attending religious services on weekly
basis

 Christian attendance in churches >5%

 Attendance in Church of England fallen under 5%

 2000 – ORB Survey commissioned by BBC
o 31% = spiritual person

o 27% = religious person

o 21% = not religious person

o 10% = agnostic person

o 8% = connived atheist

o 7% = not spiritual

o 5% = don’t know

Decline of Christianity

 Decline seen by those participating in rites – baptism, marriage, funerals

 Before 20th century = normal to undergone these – now it’s rare

 Church of England = 67% baptised in 1950, only 12% in 2011

 1957 = 72% of marriages in England & Wales conducted in churches
o 2000 = dropped to around 36%



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, Theme 3: Significant historical developments in religious thought
Challenges from secularisation

 Support of notion of UK as Christian country
o Studies shown numbers growing at cathedrals amongst worshippers, pilgrims,
tourists & visitors

o Rare for someone to die without some form of religious ceremony

o Christian presence via chaplains in many areas of our social life: health care, prison
service, armed service & higher education

o AHRC/ESRC in 2010/11 = over 50% of undergraduate students self-identified as
Christian

o Many popular Christian festivals – Greenbelt, Spring Harvest, New Wine & Soul
Survivor

o 77% of British believe ‘there are things in life we simply cannot explain through
science or any other means’

 Challenging notion of UK as Christian country
o 2001 census – 15% of people had no faith
 2011 census – 25%

o 2001 -72% of population identified as Christians
 2011 – 59%

o Continuing shift away from those who believe in personal God towards those who
prefer less specific formulation

o Dramatic shift from what one cannot do on Sundays – increasing participation in
sports, shopping & work
 Used to be law in UK – no shops allowed to be open on a Sunday, though
was changed but had backlash [1994]

o Churches being turned into commercial spaces, dwelling, temples & mosques

o Atheism & humanism now presented more widely in British schools

o Data from British Social Attitudes survey reveals – every single convert, Church of
England currently loses 12 people mainly via death



What does it mean to have ‘no religion’ in the UK?

 British Attitudes Survey of 2016 = 53% of population said they had no religion

 Sociologist, Woodhead conducted research & found – 18-24 year olds make up 60% of ‘no
religion’


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