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Lecture notes

domestic violence

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very in-depth and clear lecture notes from student at city university of London studying family law. I personally revised from these notes and achieved a 2:1 in this module.

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  • July 6, 2020
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By: leahsynge1 • 8 months ago

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remycorrina
Domestic Violence
THE NOTION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012

Sch 1, S.12: any incident of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse
(whether psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between individuals who are
associated with each other.

LEGISLATION (CIVIL REMEDIES)
 Part IV Family Law Act 1996 as amended by…
 Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004
 Forced Marriages (Civil Protection) Act 2007
 Crime and Security Act 2010

PART IV FAMILY LAW ACT 1996
 Non-molestation orders
 Occupation orders

NON-MOLESTATION ORDERS
S.42(1) FLA 1996: prohibit the respondent from molesting another person who is associated with the
respondent and/or a relevant child.

S.62(3) FLA 1996:

 (Former) spouses/ civil partners
 (Former) (opposite-sex/same-sex) cohabitants
 Persons who live/ have lived in the same household otherwise than by reason of one being
the others employee/ tenant/ lodger/ boarder
 Relatives
 (Formerly) engaged couples/ parties to a (terminated) civil partnership agreement (can only
bring a claim within 3years)
 Persons who have (had) an intimate personal relationship of significant duration
 Persons who are both parents/ have parental responsibility for the same child
 Parties to the same family proceedings
 If in doubt, the court will treat the person as ‘associated’ G v F (Non-molestation Order:
jurisdiction) 2000- purposive approach of cohabiting, the most generous approach must be
given.

S.62(2): ‘relevant child’

 Any child living with/ who might be expected to live with either party to the proceedings
 Any child in relation to whom an order under the Adoption and Children Act 2002 or the
Children Act 1989 is in question in the proceedings.
 Any child whose interests the court considers relevant

‘Molestation’ is not defined in statute, it is given a wide meaning upon a case by case interpretation.

, C v C (Non-molestation Order: jurisdiction) 1998- conduct must be clearly harassing so that the
intervention of the court is called for.

Johnson v Walton 1990- any behaviour intended to cause distress.

S.42(5) FLA 1996: the criteria for granting non-molestation orders involves courts considering all
circumstances of the case, including the need to secure health, safety and well-being of the
applicant and any relevant child.

Orders without notice (ex parte orders)

S.45(1): order without the respondent being given notice of the proceedings. (At the first hearing
only, the applicant will be present, the respondent will not be present or notified).

S.45(2): risk of significant harm to the applicant or any relevant child, likelihood of applicant being
deterred from pursuing the application, respondent aware of proceedings but deliberately avoiding
service.

S.45(3): respondent is given the opportunity to make representations as soon as is convenient.

Terms and duration of the order

S.42(6): molestation in general and/ or specific acts of molestation

S.42(7): for a specific period or until further order

Variation and discharge

S.49: on the application of the respondent or applicant

Undertakings (promises to the court)

S.46(1): court may accept an undertaking instead of making an order

S.46(4): enforceable as if they were court orders

S.46(3A) must not accept an undertaking where respondent has used/ threatened force against the
applicant and/ or a child or when NMO is necessary so that a breach may be punishable as a
criminal offence

Breach of an order

Civil proceedings for contempt of court, contemnor may be ordered to pay a fine or serve a prison
sentence

Rafiq v Muse 2000- imprisonment for breaches of NMO

H v O (Contempt of Court: Sentencing) 2004- more deterrent punishment needed

Criminal offence of breaching a NMO

S.42A(1): Since 1st July 2007, breach of a NMO is a criminal offence

Amendments to Part IV Family Law Act 1996

 Extended categories eligible to apply for remedies
 Made a breach of a non-molestation order a criminal offence
 Restricted the use of undertakings instead of orders

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