100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary Powers and Borders - Strategies for global governance in one area of conflict and its impact on sovereignty and territorial integrity (Afghanistan Case Study) £5.49
Add to cart

Summary

Summary Powers and Borders - Strategies for global governance in one area of conflict and its impact on sovereignty and territorial integrity (Afghanistan Case Study)

1 review
 114 views  3 purchases

In-depth notes including key events in Afghanistan's history, the challenges to state sovereignty, global governance strategies used in Afghanistan (e.g. UN, NATO, ISAF, UNHCR, AfghanAid), the impacts of global governance on local communities, and the opportunities and challenges arising from globa...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 5  pages

  • September 24, 2020
  • 5
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
All documents for this subject (16)

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: sammygriffiths04 • 2 year ago

avatar-seller
emily1744
Powers and Borders SG4
Strategies for Global Governance in One Area of Conflict and Its Impact on Sovereignty
and Territorial Integrity
LIDC Case Study: Afghanistan
Key Events in Afghanistan’s History

Date Event
1996 – 2001 Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Start of Afghan war
September 2001 US led invasion following 9/11 – not UN sanctioned
UN established ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) and became directly
December 2001
involved
2004 First democratic elections held and installed Hamid Karzai as first elected president
2003 – December NATO takes over the running of Afghanistan military operations from the UN
2014
NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan. However, 10,000 NATO troops will remain to
From January 1st
train, advise and assist the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) who will have full
2015
responsibility for running the country
2003 – Present Taliban insurgency

Insurgency – organised rebellion fighting a guerrilla war, trying to overthrow the government


What Have Been the Challenges to State Sovereignty?
Challenges to State Sovereignty

 Intervention from other countries
 NATO taking over Afghan military
 Taliban insurgency – attacking state apparatus

How Are Issues in State Sovereignty Linked to Issues with Territorial Integrity?

Durand Line – the 2,430km international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan

The Durand Line is a porous border making it one of the most dangerous borders in the world. Illegal activities,
such as the smuggling of…

 Weapons
 Narcotics
 Vehicles
 Ordinary consumer goods

… and more, take place due to very little government control on either side of the border

Why Is There So Much Tension on the Durand Line?

 The border was created by the British in the 19 th Century
 No Afghanistan government since the partition of British India in 1947 has accepted the Durand Line
as the international border
 The line has sliced Pashtun ethnic groups in two – the Pashtun tribe don’t see themselves as two
peoples (Afghani and Pakistani) and consider the borders between them as a Western invention
- They try to carry on as they have for centuries by ignoring the border and maintaining their
ancient connections
 A large section of the border is a divide between Afghanistan and FATA (Federally Administered
Tribal Area) in north Pakistan

, FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Area):

 Home to 3 million Muslims who are ethnically Pashtun and take exception to centralised rule from
Pakistan and Afghanistan
 Degree of lawlessness in parts of the region
 Despite having parliamentary seats in Pakistan, the Jurisdiction of the Supreme and High Courts in
Pakistan don’t cover this region
 Due to the very traditional Islamic views held by tribal elders in the region, the areas has become a
stronghold for the Taliban where they fled after NATO entered Afghanistan


Global Governance Strategies Used in Afghanistan
The UN/NATO Intervention and Impacts on Sovereignty

In December 2001, the UN established ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) which was then taken
over by NATO in August 2003

What Was the Initial Aim of ISAF? Who Was Involved with ISAF?
Increasing security in and around the capital of 40 countries
Kabul 2011-12 ISAF had >130,000 troops from 51 NATO
members
How Did ISAF Help to Resolve Sovereignty Issues?
 Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRT) to provide security and reconstruction to Afghanistan
 The first elections were held in 2004 after the fall of the Taliban
 ISAF supported the electoral process by assisting ANSF
 Hamid Karzai won the election and became president

Was the Intervention a Success?

Success Not a Success
 ISAF supported the  Taliban insurgency – entering Afghanistan to undermine the
electoral process which presidents authority and try to take back control
helped Afghanistan regain  2,500 people killed in 2018
sovereignty – Hamid  People in Afghanistan today are poorer than people in 1950
Karzai became president  Country hasn’t known peace for 40 years
 Assisted and trained the  A majority of Afghans live in areas controlled by Taliban
Afghan National Security  Over 111,000 Afghans killed, and 30,000 civilians wounded
Force (ANSF) in the conflict

UN Intervention and the Refugee Crisis

By the end of 2001, Afghanis made up the world’s largest number of refugees at 6 million, with most of them
going to Pakistan and Iran

UNHCR Refugee Camps

 The UNHCR set up camps in Pakistan and Iran, as well as some in safe areas of Afghanistan
 Provided a safe haven away from the war allowing families to reunite and bringing communities back
together
 Worked with NGOs, e.g. Red Cross and MSF, to provide emergency temporary care for millions of
displaced people

Kacha Garhi, Pakistan:

 Originally set up for 70,000 Afghan refugees in 1980 due to the Soviet-Afghan war
 The UNHCR and NGOs provided humanitarian aid e.g. tents, food, water, medicine
 The camp was vacated and closed in 2007

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emily1744. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

50843 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now

Start selling
£5.49  3x  sold
  • (1)
Add to cart
Added