Essay
Unit 26 P2
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Essay of 9 pages for the course Unit 26 - Researching Current Issues in Travel and Tourism at PEARSON (All criteria met.)
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P2) Plan and carry out research into a complex current issue affecting the travel and tourismsector.
Hypothesis:
Will Brexit affect low cost airlines? The uncertainty around what will happen with Brexit is
already causing major problems for airlines. Other airlines have introduced so-called
"Brexit clauses" in their terms warning customers that all tickets sold for travel after
March 29 might not be valid if aviation regulation is disrupted. Ryanair and Thomas Cook
have already put such clauses in place.
Unknown. (2019). UP IN THE AIR How will Brexit affect airlines?. Available:
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/8446699/how-will-brexit-affect-airlines/. Last accessed
21/4/20.
Terms of Reference: History of Brexit
In 1951 the formation of the European coal and steel community signed to the common
market. In 1957 the UK signed the treaty of Rome the documentation of the European
Economic Community (the common market).
The European Economic Community was formed in 1958 and consisted of six members:
France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg.
In the 60s Britain formed the European free trade association so they were able to trade
together though the common market. The Uk formed it will six other counties. Then in 1961
Britain tried to apply for the EEC to try and join with the other countries.
In 1972 the British application was accepted along with Ireland and Denmark to join
however Norway had a referendum in order not to join. In the following year Britain joined
the European Economic Community.
In 1974 labour came into power and devoted to renegotiating Britain’s terms of
membership and held a referendum on the final outcome. The first vote happened in 1975
where Britain voted 66% to 34% to stay within the EU. The party held power again from
1974 to 1979, first under Wilson and then under James Callaghan. Labour’s narrow five-
seat majority in the election of October 1974 diminished through the term, forcing the
party to enter a “Lib-Lab” pact with the Liberal Party. Although hampered by a small
majority, the Labour Party pursued controversial policies, including support for Britain’s
continued membership in the European Community and devolution in Scotland and Wales,
which was rejected by referenda in 1979.
Paul David Webb. (2020). Labour Representation Committee. Available:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Labour-Party-political-party/Policy-and-structure. Last
accessed 21st April 2020.
In 1977 Roy Jenkins the senior labour politician became president of the European
commission. “Former Home Secretary Roy Jenkins has announced he is leaving
Westminster politics to become President of the European Commission in Brussels.” Roy
Jenkins settled into the job and helped establish the European Monetary System which
, P2) Plan and carry out research into a complex current issue affecting the travel and tourism
sector.
eventually led to the creation of the euro. In 1981 Greece then joined the EU and in 1983
labour campaigned to leave the common market but was defeated.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/3/
newsid_3287000/3287511.stm
In 1999 the single currency was introduced allowing 11 countries to be part of the Euro and
in 2002 the Euro notes and coins entered 12 countries. In 2009 the treaty of Lisbon creates a
president and it increased the powers of the European parliament and in 2013 Prime
Minister David Cameron said “he wanted to renegotiate the UK's relationship with the EU
and then give people the "simple choice" between staying in under those new terms, or
leaving the EU.” https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21148282. In 2015, the
conservatives win the overall majority and “ win a 12-seat majority in parliament as Labour
are almost wiped out by the SNP in Scotland and the Liberal Democrats suffer major
losses.” in the UK election: paves way for referendum on EU membership by the end of
2017.
In 2016 David Cameron concludes a renegotiation of the UKs terms of membership and calls
a referendum on whether the UK should remain in or leave the EU. “The UK has voted to
leave the EU by 52% to 48%. Leave won the majority of votes in England and Wales, while
every council in Scotland saw Remain majorities.”
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/eu_referendum/results In addition new government came
underneath Theresa May and it committed to negotiating withdrawal. Some of the new
government which came into place was:
HM Treasury Foreign & Home Office Ministry of Ministry of
Chancellor of commonwealth Secretary of defence Justice
the Exchequer – office State for the Secretary of Lord
Rt Hon Philip Secretary of Home Department State for Defence – Rt Chancellor,
Hammond MP** State for Foreign – Rt Hon Amber Hon Michael Fallon and
and Rudd MP** MP** Secretary of
Chief
Commonwealth Minister of State for
Secretary to the Minister of State
Affairs – Rt Hon State – Brandon Justice* – Rt
Treasury – Rt – Rt Hon Mike Hon Elizabeth
Hon David Gauke Boris Johnson Lewis MP Penning MP Truss MP**
MP*** MP** Minister of
Minister of State
Minister of State – Ben Minister
Financial – Rt Hon Earl Howe of State – Sir
State – Rt Hon Sir Wallace MP
Secretary – Jane (and Deputy Leader Oliver Heald
Alan Duncan MP Minister of
of the House of
Ellison MP QC MP
Minister of State – Robert Lords)*
Economic Goodwill MP Parliamentar
Secretary – State – Rt Hon Parliamentary
Minister of y Under Secretary
Simon Kirby MP† Baroness Anelay Under Secretary of
State – Baroness of State – Sam
of St Johns DBE State – Mark
Commercial Williams of Gyimah MP
(jointly with the Lancaster TD MP
Secretary – Lord Department for Trafford Parliamentar
O’Neill of Gatley* International Parliamentar Parliamentary y Under Secretary
Development) y Under Secretary Under Secretary of of State – Phillip
of State – Sarah State – Harriett Lee MP
Parliamentar
Newton MP
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