Summary 1.2C Personality Psychology: Differences Between People
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Module
1.2C Differences Between People (FSWP1022A)
Institution
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Book
Atkinson & Hilgard\'s Introduction to Psychology
Everything you need in one! Summary of all tutorial meetings, required literature and articles that you need to prepare for the exam of 1.2C Personality Psychology course at EUR. Very clear and well-written notes in English from the academic year 2019/20.
: primary thinking processes- wo/logic and reality
→EGO: seeks safety and survival, tries to strategically satisfy the id
: rational, logical= reality principle
: secondary thinking processes- w/logic, reality
→SUPEREGO: ideals and moral rules of society
: conscience of the indiv.= code of conduct
1
, : introjection-incorporating values of
parents/society to obtain love and avoid
punishment
-topographical model-levels of awareness:
→conscious- thoughts, feelings, perceptions we are aware of
- monitoring and controlling ourselves/envir. to initiate/terminate beh.
and cogn. activities
- suppression= consciously trying to force feelings out of awareness
→preconscious- memories, dreams, thoughts we can access anytime
→unconscious- memories, impulses, desires, feelings, thoughts not accessible
to consciousness= repressed inf.
- repression= unconsciously making the unpleasant, painful or
disturbing emotions unavailable
-keeps unpleasant experiences out of conscious awareness
but still physiologically influences the indiv.
- when inf. is troubling/distasteful (childhood trauma, hatred) and we
are aware of them→ anxiety= warning signal primarily caused by
conflict: 1.reality anxiety- fear of the world
2. moral anxiety- fear of violating own moral code
3.neurotic anxiety- fear of impulses, no control
-motivated unconscious= nothing happens by accident, everything we
do/say/feel is an expression of mind
-reaching unconsciousness: Freudian slips (unconsciously expressed
desires), free associations (saying whatever comes to mind), projective
techniques (Rorschach´s inkblot test/ Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT)), hypnosis, dreams
-inf. can pass back and forth between conscious and preconscious, from them to
unconscious but once in unconscious→ mental gate (no access to the inf.)
-emotion= complex episode that creates a readiness to act
- we respond to/regulate them by exaggerating/minimizing
-catharsis- release of emotional tension when too big to hold up
-regulation strategies: cognitive/behavioural
2
, : diversion/engagement
-defence mechanisms= EGO sets up a respond system to deal w/issues, ↓ anxiety
denial- insist the problem is not the way it seems, refusing to accept
the truth (wife dies, still cooking dinner for her)
projection- projecting own problems on someone else (wanting to be
hostile, thinking others are also hostile)
intellectualization- thinking analytically, finding reasons, explanations
displacement- redirecting impulses to a more acceptable target (being
mad at boss but yelling at wife)
sublimation- channelling urges into socially acceptable activities (going
running when angry)
reaction formation- behaving opposite to own impulses (condemn
homosexuality but have same sex partner)
undoing- undo bad act w/another good act
regression- reacting to stress by displaying fixations from early age
isolation- detach memory from emotion
3. phallic stage (3y-5y)- conflict: Oedipal conflict for boys (unconscious wish to
have mother to himself and eliminate the father), penis envy for girls
(wanting to have a penis), Electra complex for girls (wanting to marry
father and jealous of mother)
-sources of pleasure: genitals, touching them
→macho beh., mother-like partners, career obsessive, overly vain,
exhibitionistic, sexually aggressive, pride, flirting w/older men
3
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