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Study guide

Beatles

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Includes a detailed summary of the information needed for A2 exam. Background, Key points of interest, Structure, Melody, Tonality, Harmony, Texture, Sonority, Rhythm & Metre. (FYI Secured B Grade with these notes)

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  • October 14, 2020
  • 16
  • 2019/2020
  • Study guide
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Beatles’ Four Songs from Revolver:
All Songs


BACKGROUND

- The Beatles: British rock band who revolutionised pop music in the 60s.
- Early influences: Rhythm and blues performers like Chuck Berry
- Revolver: Had developed own unique style
↪ influenced by:
1. Indian classical music
2. Avant-garde techniques (musique concrete)
3. Psychedelic rock.
- Their producer George Martin had classical training which could be seen in
musical arrangements.
- Studio techniques employed were groundbreaking.
- Many lyrics were written under influence of LSD and inspired by Eastern
philosophy.




POINTS OF INTEREST

- Psychedelic rock influence
- Indian classical music influence
- Musique concrete influence
- Studio techniques
- Singer-songwriter styles.
Unconventional elements in pop genre

, Eleanor Rigby


STRUCTURE

Point Explanation Reference(s)

8 Bar Intro, 3 verses + Outro
VERSES:
- Each verse consists of main
section with unusual 10 bar
length, followed by 8 bar refrain
- 10 bars of main verse
section are divided into 2, 5 bar
phrases, extra bar contains 1
bar vocal phrase

OUTRO:
- Outro combines elements of
intro + refrain
- Extended by further bar with
short concluding phrase for
strings




MELODY

Point Explanation Reference(s)

Diatonic, in Dorian mode on E

Backing vocals in flattened 6th C
natural Aeolian mode

Ambiguity between melody +
accompaniment adds to “sad” feel

Descending sequential

, HARMONY

Point Explanation Reference(s)

Just 2 chords used throughout song
- C + Eminor

Harmonic rhythm = SLOW

Refrain made up of single chords of
Eminor

Chromatically descending viola adds
dissonance

Vocal part frequently adds mild
dissonance


TONALITY

Point Explanation Reference(s)

Verse is diatonic in Dorian mode on E

Backing Vocals in Aeolian mode


TEXTURE

Point Explanation Reference(s)

In general, strings play simple block
chords

Intro = staccato accentuated

Chords more sustained elsewhere

Cellos generally play
repeated/sustained notes
- In last verse cellos double voice

4 bar repeated descending chromatic
phrases in semibreves in chorus

Strings play occasional phrases to fill
between vocal lines

Violin 1 part echoes final phrase of
refrains

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