I develop this document while studying for my EASA ATPL exams. To accomplish this I studied the Oxford Manual and did the Aviation Exam database. The information is brief and easy to read. I believe it contains all the information you will need to pass your exam. I hope you like it and can use it t...
Human
performance
& Limitations
ATPL
STUDENT
pilot
resume
all info you need to pass atpl exams
, Basics:
Latent threat: Cockpit design error
Conceptual aspects of systems mismatch: Liveware – software
James reason: Gathering information from accidents & investigations is informed
Atmosphere:
Heart muscles: Blood supply from coronary arteries
Blood: Is lacking in oxygen & rich on CO 2
Pressoreceptors: Located in carotid & aortic arterial vessels
Angina: Symptom of reduced oxygen to heart muscle, caused by narrowing/obstruction of coronary artery
Circulation: O 2 & CO 2 transportation
Gas exchange: Partial pressure of CO 2 in the alveoli is lower than in the blood
Respiratory system: Oral nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi & alveoli
Anaemia: Not enough functioning haemoglobin
Hypoxia:
- Histotoxic hypoxia: Alcohol increases physiological altitude, 1 ounce 2000ft
- Hypoxic hypoxia: Short term memory impairment starts at 12000ft
- Hypaemic hypoxia: Smoking
- Stagnant hypoxia: Excessive G-forces
- Can be experienced at 6000ft
- Night vision reduced at compensatory stage
- Dalton’s death
Hyperventilation:
- Causes CO 2 to be removed from the blood
- Lack/shortage of CO 2 in the blood
- Blood circulation to brain slowed down
- Jogging does NOT cause hyperventilation
- Running is voluntary hyperventilation
Decompression sickness:
- Primary symptom: The bends
- Nitrogen gas bubbles released
- Wait 12 hours before next flight
- Henry’s hole
Rate of depth of breathing:
- Controlled by pressure of CO 2 in the blood
- Increased rate = high level of waste CO 2 in the lungs
- Increased CO 2 causes shortness of breath
- Controlled by receptor cells in the brain
Respiratory control centre: Sensitive to carbon dioxide
Hypertension: Physiological condition involving increased pressure on the arterial walls
Hypothermia: Demand for oxygen initially increased
Low blood pressure:
- Arterioles constrict, cardiac output increase, heart rate rises
- Increased risk of low blood pressure when donating blood due to loss of blood volume
General gas law: Volume of a gas multiplied by pressure divide by its absolute temperature is constant
Law of diffusion:
- Transfer of CO 2 to the alveoli
- Adjacent gases of different concentration mix until concentration is balanced
Charles’ law: Volume of gas at constant pressure is proportional to absolute temperature
Boyle’s law: Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure with temperature constant
Henry’s law: Quantity of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
Dalton’s law:
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