Unit 2 – P1, M1, D1, P2, M2
Procedures, Practices and Communication
Procedure / Explain how this procedure / practice is Why is this procedure / practice
Practice done carried out?
Materials need to be handled for many If materials weren’t handled, then
reasons; moving and transferring, carrying there would be no use for them. If
out experiments and carrying out safety equipment was broken there
procedures etc. When moving materials would be no way of telling or if
from A to B, it’s important if it’s heavy that is substances were expiring, tasks
Handling of picked up correctly and it’s important not wouldn’t be able to be carried out
materials too overload with too many materials. When as they require handling. So, staff
carrying out experiments it’s important to must know how to handle
make sure all directions are followed with materials safely so that they
precautions. prevent injury and increase the
lifespan of all materials where
necessary.
In store management there should always be Stores is an area that always needs
rotating of stock. So, the oldest chemicals to be kept under control as big
are put at the front and the newer chemicals factors of losing materials and
are put towards the back, so chemicals don’t contamination can make
Store
get wasted due to them becoming too equipment and chemicals no
management
dangerous or out of date. Correct storage longer usable. With plants and
E.g.
environments are carried out by placing animals, if they don’t get the
chemical,
biological materials in places with light and correct amount of food, nutrients
biological
air, so they can live. and the things they need to survive
then they will die, and it would be
a waste of time, money and
resources.
The senior technician or laboratory manager Laboratories will have a place
is the individual who is in control of ordering where they store all their
equipment and chemicals. Due to them equipment and chemicals.
having other daily duties they need to be However, these things aren’t
told when stock is getting low as they are limitless, they break and run out.
unable to check everything all the time. And And so, when this happens new
Ordering
so, when it comes to ordering they can stick orders are put into suppliers, so
procedures
with a consumable which is a regular they can keep using chemicals
automatic order, or they can order things without being lenient with it nearly
when they are needed. running out. and they can keep
using sophisticated pieces of
equipment without having to find
alternatives.
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Calibration Calibrations of pH meters are done by using Wrongly calibrated pH meters can
, known pH standard solutions. give overall give the wrong results
of Because pH meters aren’t a very which makes the entire experiment
equipment. sophisticated piece of equipment the performed irrelevant and the
E.g. pH calibration of them can be carried out by results attained useless. And so,
meters, trained technical staff. The staff keep records time and resources have been
graduated of what has been done to the piece of wasted due to a small issue that
pipettes equipment and when it was carried out. could have easily been fixed if
calibrated.
Burettes are maintained by being checked Burettes when dropped can cause
over for any chips or cracks but are also cracks and if they go un-noticed
cleaned efficiently. This is done by taking the they can drip and cause inaccurate
Maintaining
tap apart and cleaning it individually as-well results. Bunsen burners have tubes
equipment
as the glass. and connecters that can crack and
E.g. burettes
Bunsen burner components are checked for if they have and are used, they can
and Bunsen
any cracks and are also checked for explode or cause a gas leak.
burners
blockages as something can easily fall into Maintaining equipment incorrectly
the air chimney. can lead to incorrect results or fatal
injuries.
A centrifuge separates solids and liquids, or Centrifuges are commonly used for
different densities. The device “spins liquid separating blood into components
samples at high speeds and thus creates a of; blood plasma, leukocytes and
strong centripetal force causing the denser erythrocytes. Centrifugation allows
Use of
materials to travel towards the bottom of certain components of the blood to
centrifuges
the centrifuge tube more rapidly than they be used efficiently and not wasted.
would under the force of normal gravity” E.g. a patient who needs their
[Centrifugation, Unknown]. blood to clot would only need the
plasma.
Desiccators are sealable containers that Some substances are sensitive and
contain desiccants. These are solids that can be reactant with any water of
absorb water and humidity. The top of the humidity. And so, they are stored
Desiccators desiccant can be removed and the material in desiccators or vacuum storages,
and vacuum that you are trying to stop humidity so they are safe and not causing
storage accumulating is placed on top of the any reactions to take place. E.g.
platform. Vacuum storages vacuum any air cobalt chloride paper that goes
out quickly as well as absorbing any water from blue to pink when in the
and humidity. presence of water.
Glassware in the laboratory can withstand In science, different glassware is
changing temperatures due to the used compared to the glass at
experiments they undergo. They can be home. Borosilicate glass can only
placed in boiling water, they can be placed in withstand a certain change in
Handling and
freezing temperatures and they can be temperature where as Pyrex glass
use of
placed directly over a Bunsen burner. And can withstand huge changes
glassware
so, when handling make sure you are ranging from -192°C to +500°C. If
wearing PPE and are aware of your containing very high temperatures
surroundings. but then placed into freezing
temperatures the glass can shatter.
Handling and High levels of radioactive waste are sent to Radioactive substances are harmful
disposal of the relevant authorities where they will be to the environment as the
radioactive able to dispose of it safely. The most radiations emitted affects people
substances common is geological disposal where the and pollution. Geological disposal
radioactive waste is isolated inside a deep allows the waste to be
