100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary ATPL Notes - Radio Navigation £4.70   Add to cart

Summary

Summary ATPL Notes - Radio Navigation

1 review
 154 views  2 purchases
  • Module
  • Institution
  • Book

The goal is to provide the student with an opportunity to "review" the course. It focuses on important facts that are repeated throughout the exams and also on the subject of classes. It can also cover material not included in the databases but important to understand some areas that are also impor...

[Show more]
Last document update: 3 year ago

Preview 3 out of 28  pages

  • Yes
  • December 7, 2020
  • December 7, 2020
  • 28
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: riciano123 • 1 year ago

reply-writer-avatar

By: ThePilotPT • 1 year ago

Hi can you give me any feed back please!? Send me a msg…

avatar-seller
THE

PILOT

radio
navigation
ATPL STUDENT
pilot NOTES
all info you need to pass atpl exams

, RADIO
NAVIGATION
1

BASIC
RADIO
PRINCIPLES


BASIC
TERMS
PHASE
DIFFERENCE
MODULATION
TYPE
1
-­‐
KEYING





• Radio
waves
travel
at
the
speed
of
light:
• Can
only
be
measured
when
the
signals
have
• Interrupting
the
carrier
wave
to
give
morse

o c
=
3
x
108
m/sec
the
same
frequency
(or
wavelength).
code.


• Will
temporarily
interrupt
the
nav
aid

• Frequency
(f)

Number
of
complete
cycles
output
in
order
to
tx
the
morse
code.

per
second.
Measured
in
Hertz
(Hz)

POLARISATION

o 1
cycle
per
second
=
1
Hz



o 1
kHz
=
103
Hz
MODULATION
TYPE
2
-­‐
AM

• The
electrical
and
magnetic
components
of
a

o 1
MHz
=
106
Hz


radio
wave
travel
at
right
angle
to
each

o 1
GHz
=
109
Hz
• AM
=
Amplitude
Modulation

other
and
in
the
direction
of
propagation.


• Amplitude
of
the
carrier
wave
is
varied
in

• Plane
of
electrical
component
=
plane
of

• Wavelength
(𝜆)

Distance
travelled
in
one
accordance
with
the
audio
signal
amplitude.

polarisation.

complete
cycle.
Measured
in
metres.
• Carrier
wave
frequency
is
kept
constant.

• Transmission
from
vertical
aerial
gives
a


• Oldest
method
apart
from
keying.

vertical
electric
component
and
horizontal

• Time
period
(𝑻)

Time
taken
to
complete
• Small
amplitude
areas
give
a
weak
signal

magnetic
component.

once
cycle.
T
=
1
/
f
that
is
prone
to
interference
(especially

• Transmission
from
horizontal
aerial
gives


since
it
operates
in
low
frequency
spectrum)

horizontal
electrical
component
and
vertical

• 𝑪 =  𝝀  ×  𝒇
• Modulation
circuit
requires
extra
power
to

magnetic
component.


vary
the
amplitude.

• In
circular
propagation,
both
components

• Low
Frequency
=
Long
Wavelength


spin
about
the
axis
of
advance.

• High
Frequency
=
Short
Wavelength




POLAR
DIAGRAMS

ANTENNA
LENGTH



1.
Omnidirectional

• Ideal
antenna
length
is
½
the
wavelength.
2.
Directional
(Inc
unwanted
side
lobes)

• If
not
possible,
then
1/4
,
1/8
etc
will
do.
• Applies
to
both
Tx
and
Rx
aerials.



MODULATION



• Modulation
adds
information
to
an

otherwise
empty
carrier
wave.


, RADIO
NAVIGATION
1

BASIC
RADIO
PRINCIPLES



MODULATION
TYPE
3
-­‐
FM
MODULATION
TYPE
4
-­‐
PULSE
FREQUENCY
SPECTRUM





• FM
=
Frequency
Modulation
• Radio
wave
is
switched
on
and
off
at
regular
• Frequency
range
repeats
(kHz
/
MHz
/
GHz)

• Frequency
of
the
carrier
wave
is
varied
in
intervals,
effectively
forming
pulses
of
radio
o 3

30

accordance
with
the
audio
signal
amplitude.
energy.
o 30

300

• Carrier
wave
amplitude
is
kept
constant.
• Use
in
radar.
o 300
-­‐
3000

• A
+ve
amplitude
=
higher
frequency
• Transmits
0’s
and
1’s
effectively.


• A
–ve
amplitude
=
lower
frequency
• Wave-­‐length
can
be
derived
with
𝐶 =  𝜆  ×  𝑓




• FM
TX’s
are
simpler
and
cheaper
than
AM
AM
SIDEBANDS


• Lower
modulation
power
required


• Constant
amplitude
=
stronger
• Whenever
a
carrier
is
AM
modulated
by
a

• VHF
operation
=
almost
static
free
frequency
lower
than
itself,
sidebands
are

• Horizontally
polarised
so
suffers
less
from
created.

weather
induced
static
(vertically
polarised)
• Carrier
Wave
=
500
kHz,
Audio
Freq
=
4
kHz


o 4
kHz
is
filtered
out.

• Receivers
are
more
complex.
o 496
kHz
/
500
kHz
/
504
kHz
output

• Wider
frequency
band
required.
• Passband
is
a
filter
used
to
get
rid
of


unwanted
frequencies
so
bandwidth
can
be


reduced.


• Single
Sideband
(SSB)

Often
only
1
of
the

outputs
is
TX’d.
The
sideband
carries
the

information
rather
than
the
carrier.

o With
all
TX
power
focused
on
one

sideband,
range
is
increased.
EMMISSION
CODES

• FM
has
many
more
sidebands
than
AM.


• 1st
=
Type
of
modulation

• 2nd
=
Nature
of
modulating
signal

HF
COMMS
&
HF
VOLMET
• 3rd
=
Type
of
information
transmitted



• Use
single
sideband

• HF
SSB
=
J3E

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ThePilotPT. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £4.70. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

85169 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now

Start selling
£4.70  2x  sold
  • (1)
  Add to cart