Zeer uitgebreide samenvatting van alle geziene hoorcollege's van proefdierkunde 2. Omvat alles wat de prof heeft gezegd in de les en benadrukt wat ze belangrijk vindt voor het examen. Behaalde resultaat 19/20.
– Council of Europe
– European Union
– Belgian legislation
! Since 2014 laboratory animals are not a federal thing anymore but a Flemish legislation
" the basics are still the same between Brussels, Flanders and Wallonie (but this could maybe
change in the future)
Council of Europe
– 47 member states
– We don’t know a lot about the council of Europe " we don’t even know if Belgium ever
signed something from it
– Animal protection since 60s
– Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental or other scientific
purposes = ETS123 (European treaty series)
o used a lot!
o most important part is the annex A " about how all the animals that are used for lab
experiments need to be housed and taken care of (about cages...) " we do follow
this convention because it is also in the European directive
o in 2007 the annex A was completely revised " became more scientific
European Union
– 28 member states " could change (Brexit)
– European union has at that time copied the annex A into a recommendation in EU " not
something you are obliged to follow " you COULD use it but you don’t HAVE TO
– Norway and Switzerland are not part of the EU but nevertheless they have a very strict
regulation regarding lab animals and education
1
, – EU copied annex A of European convention into a recommendation but in 2010 there was a
completely renewed directive
o they did copy all the figures from annex A but not the general background (e.g. you
should give straw to pigs...)
o EU directive is something that you need to put in your national legislation as a state
o all the member states had the time until 2012 to put it in their legislation
o Belgium was half a year too late but we were not the worst of all states " all the
previous royal decretes were completely erased and we followed the new royal
decrete " last change was being done at the end of December 2012 (changes in the
definitions in order to be able to put the directive into our legislation)
Belgian Legislation
Law of 14th of august 1986
– Law of 14th of August 1986: animal protection and animal welfare " modified in 1993, 1995
and 2013
– Experimental animal = any live non-human vertebrate + independently feeding larval
forms + cephalopods + mammal fetuses > 2/3 of pregnancy (also those kept for
euthanasia/organ use
o only vertebrate animals are being covered by law except for the cephalopods
(octopus)
o why cephalopods? – they are considered to be capable of feeling pain and this is a
reason to protect them
o for lobsters and shrimps there is proof that they have feelings but nevertheless they
are not included " probably in the future they will be included
o Independently feeding larval forms = fish and amphibians – we could consider that a
fish of amphibian larval will not need the yolk sac anymore (yolk sac is a reserve), but
you could also think that it is the point at which the animal is looking for preys
" could be another moment as the disappearance of the yolk sac " SO it is just the
point that the animal needs independent feeding
o In the earlier stages, the larves are not considered to feel pain, after a certain point
they are included in the law " the point where they change is not clear and there is
not a lot of proof that they do not feel anything before this point, but they have to
draw the line somewhere
o The mammal fetuses " they will probably be able to feel pain " cow for example
that is pregnant is 9 months pregnant " if we do testings on the cow after 6th month
of pregnancy, the baby is also included in the experiment
– Experiment on animal = pain, distress, lasting harm > needle introduction
o something you do in view of research or education where you inflict pain, distress or
lasting harm, larger than or equal to the pain of a needle introduction of a human
that handles like the good animal practice
2
, o students need to do palpation practice – this is not painful to the animals but when a
lot of students do it, it would be stressful or a little bit painful – some animals will
have a lot of stress but some won’t – some will think it is more painful than a needle
introduction and some not – it is a very vague line – there is always the gray zone
where it is not clear if it is an animal experiment yes or no
– If you euthanize an animal without doing anything prior to the euthanasia, it is not
considered an animal experiment, also if you do it for research experiments – so if you
euthanize 15 mice, to use their liver for research, this will not be considered an animal
experiment – the statistics of these experiments should not be kept, if you would ask how
many animals were euthanized without using them on beforehand, we could not find any
answer because it is not obligatory to keep the statistics because it is not considered an
animal experiment
– BUT: if you keep the animals in a cage for experiments BEFORE you kill them " it IS an
animal experiment
– The housing, euthanasia… should be following the rules, but since it is no animal experiment,
there are certain things that you should not consider – you should not ask approval for the
euthanasia
Royal Decree 29/05/2013
– Users/breeders/suppliers: registration and recognition
– Origin and identification of animals
– Registration of animal use + statistics
– Laboratory animal care and welfare
o Housing and care
o Education of persons working with lab animals
o Animal welfare body
– Logical ethical committee
– National committee/deontological committee
" Just a good copy of the European directive with some more practical details for Belgium
– Each country has a national committee and all the committee can meet each other to switch
ideas
– We used to have a deontological committee but since the new degree it was omitted – there
is no such thing as a national committee, it is the Flemish lab animal committee
3
, Overview of the Belgian legislation
– General organization and control
o Procedures for user/breeder recognition
o Origin of experimental animals
o Registration within laboratory
o Statistical data
– Ethics/animal welfare
o Training and education of personnel
o Expert for animal welfare
o Animal welfare body
o Local ethical committee
o “national” ethical committee (VPDC = vlaamse proefdierencomissie)
– SR principle!
1. General organization and control
Procedures for user recognition
You should realize that not everybody is entiteled to work with laboratory animals
– If you want to work with lab animals you need to ask for an approval at the ministry and you
need to say/prove with which animals you will work and what you will examine, which
housing for the animals… give more background information – they will send an inspector
and will ask for advice to the Flemish lab animal committee – they will give you a license
number after it after a positive approval of Minister
– License number = LA1 number = recognition to work with lab animals (indicates region,
serial number...)
– In Flanders, we have 111 numbers " labs that have recognition to work with lab animals
o these are over 87% university labs " lab of immunology has another number as the
lab of toxicology, virology…
o If the lab of parasitology has some spare mice and the lab of immunology needs mice
but has another LA number, they could not give the animals to each other " waste
of animals (otherwise you need a LA2 number to give away leftovers) " in an
experiment where you think there will be spare animals, ask for an LA1 and LA2
number!
4
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