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Unit 14: Physiological Disorders - Physiological Disorders P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2
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Unit 14: Physiological Disorders - Physiological Disorders P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2
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Unit 14: Physiological DisordersPhysiological Disorders
This booklet will help support families and carers of dementia and asthma. As well as
introduce care and how practitioners and agencies will work collaboratively to
provide the needed care. A physiological disorder is a disease or disorder that
affects the functioning of the body systems and organs.
P1
Dementia
‘Dementia’ describes a
continuous decline
functioning where the
brain can get affected by
certain diseases or
conditions and can
damage the nerve cells in the brain which causes progressive damage to the brain
and messages from and to the brain to not be sent effectively. Several disease
causes dementia, where an abnormal build-up of proteins occur in the brain. Which
cause nerve cells to function less well and to eventually die and cause different
areas of the brain to shrink.
There many different types of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease which is the
most common types of dementia and is a physical disease that affects the brain
which will cause damage slowly over several years and becomes severe. And in the
nervous system. Alzheimer’s disease causes changes to body systems as a result of
the disorder especially in the brain as it causes impairments to parts of it. The
progressive condition severely impacts the person’s behaviour through memory loss
and cognitive skills. As it spreads which reaches parts like swallowing and
coordination and predominantly intellectual functions of memory and thought to
eventually affect the entire function of the body. This can affect the individual as their
basic hygiene is at risk where they forget things or lead to nutrition problems. With
dementia being incurable but medicines and other treatments can help with
dementia symptoms where physiological changes due to treatments for the disorder.
As medicines such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that prevent an enzyme from
breaking done into the substance of acetylcholine in the brain that help the nerve
cells to communicate with each other. But has sides effects consisting of nausea and
loss of appetite. Or use psychological treatment such as cognitive stimulation
therapy that help improve their memory, problem-solving skills and language ability.
NHS. (2017) What are the treatments for dementia?. [Online] [Accessed on 10th June
2019] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/treatment/. Influences on the
development of the disorder can include a genetic inheritance if someone in their
family has developed this disease. As well as a genetic link between cardiovascular
disease, Down’s syndrome or head injuries which contributed to developing
Alzheimer’s disease.
Parkinson’s disease which affects the central nervous system and musculo-skeletal
system. This disorder affects movement and muscle where changes in a person’s
ability with their muscle control as a result of the disorder. As well as cause gradual
loss of certain cells in the brain due to dopamine that is needed for the muscles to
function. Changes to overall body functions include muscles to become stiff and rigid
where an individual will have tremor where they have uncontrollable shaking or have
1
, Unit 14: Physiological Disorders
difficulty moving their arms or legs. With no cure for this disorder but there are
treatments available to help relieve the symptoms such as supportive therapies of
physiotherapy to help relieve muscle stiffness and joint pain. Or medication such as
levodopa which is absorbed by the nerve cells in the brain and turn into the chemical
dopamine to transmit messages between the parts of the brain and nerves that
control movement which can improve movement problems. NHS. (2019) Parkinson’s
disease -Treatment – NHS. [Online] [Accessed on 10th June 2019]
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/parkinsons-disease/treatment/. Physiological changes
due to treatments for the disorder consists of psychological effects with memory
function, cognitive impairment, behavioural problems, changes in personality, fatigue
and hallucinations. As well as digestive issues, urinary problems, constipation, chest
problems where they have difficulties sleeping or have pain. Chen, R. (2017) How
Parkinson’s Disease Affects the Body. Healthline. [Online] [Accessed on 10th June
2019] https://www.healthline.com/health/parkinsons/treatments/how-parkinsons-
disease-affects-the-body#1. Influences on the development of the disorder is due to
genetic changes if the disease runs in families cause of faulty genes being passed
down but can be rare. Or environmental factors where pesticides or herbicides used
in farming, traffic or industrial pollution. NHS. (2019) Causes. [Online] [Accessed on
10th June 2019] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/parkinsons-disease/causes/
Asthma
This respiratory system
condition of an
inflammatory disorder that
affects the airways which
causes mucus to be
produced that cause a
gaseous exchange. As the
inflammation can cause
muscle contraction in the
bronchi to become tighter
to result in breathing
difficulties, wheezing and coughing. With common triggers by dust, infection, smoke,
pollen, fur, exercise, drug or animal allergies. This incurable illness that impacts the
airways and as a result of the disorder, asthma attacks can occur which can be life-
threatening that can be mild to severe as it restricts the airway. Which increases
sensitivity in the airways where complete prevention of oxygen to reach the lungs or
bloodstream. With no cure for asthma but there is treatment to help control
symptoms such as inhalers to either relieve or stop symptoms. Physiological
changes due to treatments for the disorder as they use inhalers they must be careful
to the exposure to the air as it may trigger an asthma attack. Having a management
plan can help keep symptoms under control when performing physical activity.
Influences on the development of the disorder include being an inherited condition
with a family history of asthma or atopic condition. Having bronchiolitis, tobacco
exposure or an allergy-related condition.
P2
Dementia – Signs and symptoms
Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease
Early signs of Alzheimer’s disease include: Tremor – experience shaking in the arms or
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, Unit 14: Physiological Disorders
Memory loss hands
Challenges in planning, solving problems Slowness of movement – where physical
and judgements movements become slower than usual that
make completing everyday tasks more
Difficulty to perform tasks difficult. Or make walking harder with taking
Problems with language smaller steps.
Misplacement of items Muscle stiffness – painful muscle cramps
Mood/behaviour/Personality changes occur as the stiffness and tension in the
Withdrawal from work or social activities muscles cause movement and facial
expression difficulty.
Further symptoms include: Physical symptoms – balance problems
Confusion, disorientation, getting lost where they fall and injure themselves, nerve
in familiar places pain, constipation and insomnia.
Difficulty with planning or making Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms –
decisions depression, anxiety, mild cognitive
Problems with speech and language impairment of slight memory problems or
Personality changes dementia.
Need of assistance to perform self- NHS. (2019) Parkinson’s disease. [Online]
care and daily activities [Accessed on 10th June 2019]
Hallucinations https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/parkinsons-
Taken from Unit 40 Assignment disease/symptoms/
Asthma – Signs and symptoms
Wheezing – having a high-pitched whistling noise from the airways during
breathing out.
Breathlessness – become short of breath or having trouble breathing our
which causes struggles to breathe, talk, eat, sleep or exercise.
Tight chest – difficulty to take in a deep breath.
Coughing – coughing occurs many times with a wheezing sound
accompanied. The coughing can become worst wither at night or early in the
morning.
Asthma UK. (N/D) Symptoms of asthma. [Online] [Accessed on 10th June 2019]
https://www.asthma.org.uk/advice/understanding-asthma/symptoms/
P3
Dementia
For dementia, early diagnosis is important as if concerns are brought up early when
cognitive symptoms are noticed, they can be treatable, and the condition can be
reversible. Someone who dementia may have a third part referral if someone close
decides that they should see a health professional. As diagnosis and treatment of
reversible condition can be improve the brain function and reduce symptoms. By
seeing your GP if you are worried about your memory who will carry out simple
checks to investigate the cause or you may be referred to a specialist for an
assessment if needed. As well as check other aspects of your health and carry out a
physical examination. Or organise blood tests or ask about any medicines you take.
The GP will ask questions to test the memory and thinking process to check the
different areas of the brain functions. Which can help indicate whether the GP will
need to refer you to a specialist for further assessments. Specialists include a
psychiatrist, elderly care physician, neurologist or be someone who is based in a
memory clinic/professional who are experts in diagnosing, caring and advising
3
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