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Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social Care - Preparing for research P1 P2 M1
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Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social Care - Preparing for research P1 P2 M1
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Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social CarePreparing for research
Introduction
This PowerPoint presentation Is about the importance of research, and how research
contributes to many things that are relevant in our day to day life. In this PowerPoint we will
aim to develop an understanding of the importance of research, and explain the main
functions of research, as well as the ethical issues to consider when carrying out research.
P1/M1
What is research?
• Research is the study of materials, sources, and various sources of information from
the past to establish new facts and new conclusions. Research is studying a particular
problem using systematic methods. For example, you would use research to try and
fight a common disease, you would research the disease and find a source to combat
the disease.
There are 4 types of research of:
Quantitative – involves numbers where it focuses on research in quantities and
statistical methods.
Qualitative – involves words and language with the focus on in-depth explanations to
find out the reasons why individuals do or think about certain activities.
Primary – Collecting firsthand research done by yourself.
Secondary – research that someone else has already produced.
There are 4 types of research of:
• Quantitative Data
This use of data is show correlation between opinions to show the statistical significance
and identifies the links and differences between groups of data. Sources of quantitative data
include:
o Surveys – conducting a survey via online, by phone or in person and asking
the same set of questions in the same way and order to a vast number of
people to keep the control variable. As the unchanged state allows it to be
fair for each individual and ensure to maintain that everything remains the
same throughout the course of the research. Questionnaires – consisting of
closed answer questions of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answers.
o Secondary data – the use of data that has already been produced by
individuals and company accounts and researchers to compare the past
decades to the now modern day.
• Qualitative Data
Qualitative data expands more than quantitative data as they find out the ‘how’ or ‘why’
within activities or topics. Sources of qualitative data include:
o Interviews – the best qualitative research method is an unstructured
interview which allows the use of open question to let participants talk in
more depth and to give the researcher a better sense and understanding of
the participants own opinion.
o Focus groups – involving multiple participants to be in the same room to
discuss an issue to see what each individuals opinion are and see how the
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,Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social Care
different personalities, morals and ethics that may differ from one person to
another. This broadens the information with detailed answers from
individuals and let participants learn or see something in a different view
than they would perceive.
o Questionnaires – having open-ended questionnaires allows participants to be
more involved and expand their personal views and opinions through the
‘why?’ question, to develop a deeper understanding on how people perceive
topics and issues.
o Observations – being an interactive process with having controlled
observations to watch and review individuals behaviour and attitudes.
o Secondary data – reading from diaries, written accounts of past events and
company reports can give researchers the foundation to their research study
and to learn and understand effective ways to keep the research study
cohesive and keep on track.
SkillsYouNeed.com. (2011-2018) Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods. [Online]
[Acessed on 8th October 2018] https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/quantitative-and-
qualitative.html
• Primary Data
Primary data is original data that is collected firsthand for a specific research study that can
use various methods to collect data like:
• Surveys
• Questionnaires
• Interviews
• Surveys
• Field observations
• Experiments
• Secondary Data
Secondary data refers to data that has been collect by someone. Different sources of
secondary data include:
• Books
• Journals
• Magazines
• Internet
• Censuses
P1 - Why is research important and why is it important to carry it out from a HSC
perspective
• The importance of research being carried out allows us to have evidence to base
current practice on especially within Health and Social Care. As work and health
practice is based on research that has already been completed.
• The purpose of research in Health and Social Care is beneficial as it helps to improve,
produce and discover new medication, treatments that will be the most effective for
patients.
• Research has a big influence on the area that is being researched; for example years
ago doctors and nurses in the medical sector didn’t know how important hygiene
was, so nurses who were delivering babies and dealing with dead bodies were going
back and forth without washing their hands, or using gloves, so the mothers were
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, Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social Care
dying due to the bacteria being transferred from the nurses to the women. Research
was carried out to find out why so many women were dying after giving birth,
Semmelweis was the researcher. This has changed lives, making childbirth safer for
mother and baby, which has had a huge impact from then on.
P1/M1 - FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH – IDENTIFYING NEEDS
• To identify the needs, you have and to find out what you want the outcome to be,
you can do this by asking questions through a questionnaire. You could do a health
case study on an individual to determine the outcome, and to meet the person’s
needs. You could carry out some interviews with staff in a setting to find the
outcome of research, e.g. to find out if the businesses methods work for staff.
• The use of primary sources of questionnaires and interviews or secondary resources
like websites can help to identify needs.
• All health and social care workers who are involved in care planning should proceed
with research principles to identify the needs of individuals. It is important that
needs are identified to find out what condition’s individuals have and to help find
solutions to help them like how different organisations, specialists and charities will
carry out research to improve the care for specific diseases to help find a better
cures. Also, Research can focus on better diagnosis so that needs can be identified
earlier rather than later.
• For example, you would use a questionnaire to see if patients have received
adequate care in a hospital with receiving the right treatment, medication or care
that help them to become better. As well as have their on what they would like to
change or improve.
P1/M1 - FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH – planning PROVISION AND HIGHLIGHTING GAPS
When carrying out research, you need to have a plan of action for how you are going
to do the research and how you want to achieve the outcome. Without a plan of
action, you wont be able to carry out the research. If research has been carried out
before, and the outcome wasn't reliable, or the needs weren't met, then that would
be a fault in the planning, which would mean the planning would have to be
evaluated and changed to improve the results/outcome and meet the needs. For
example, you would need a plan of action on how you would research a particular
disease and what drugs you would need to combat the disease.
Once the needs of the research have been identified, the research then allows future
research to be planned. Planning a service looks into what services are needed
within an area to help stop the health condition from spreading. By finding out their
need and current health problems/diseases that show a trend in the area then
putting in place provisions and that will help to overcome the problems. Like having
a diabetes research center who have an effective program that is aimed to
encourage a healthier lifestyle, diets and physical activity to reduce the incidence of
the disease and ill health.
The launch of the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programmes in 2016 in Leicester has
vastly help those with type 2 diabetes as this disease was at a great risk in the
Leicestershire area but has benefitted the locals and the public to help avoid the
disease which has seen an increase. As type 2 diabetes, being one of the UK’s biggest
health challenges of having about 2.8 million adults with the disease within England
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