Lecture notes
Working Memory Model - Baddeley & Hitch (1974)
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Summary notes describing the working memory model, including concise description of each part of the model.
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Working Memory Model - Baddeley and Hitch (1974)Baddeley and Hitch argued that the Short Term Memory (STM) from Atkinson and Shiffrin’s 1968
Multi-Store Model (MSM) was too simple. According to MSM, STM holds limited amounts of in-
formation for short periods of time with relatively little processing.
Central Executive: Drives the whole system
- Allocates data to the subsystems (Visuospatial Sketchpad, Phonological Loop)
- Deals with cognitive tasks e.g. mental arithmetic and problem solving
Phonological Loop: The part of the model which deals with spoken and written material.
- Phonological Store (Inner Ear): holds information in speech based form (i.e spoken words) for 1-
2 seconds
- Articulatory Control System (Inner Voice): Linked to speech production and is used to rehearse
and store verbal information from the phonological store. It circulates information round and
round like a tape loop (e.g. like how we remember a telephone number we have just heard. As
long as we keep repeating it, we can retain the information in working memory.
Visuospatial Sketchpad (Inner Eye): Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.
It is also used for navigation (where we imagine things to find our way). Visual information refers
to what things look like.
- It is likely that the visuo-spatial sketch pad plays an important role in helping us keep track of
where we are in relation to other objects as we move through our environment (Baddeley, 1997).
- The sketch pad also displays and manipulates visual and spatial information held in long-term
memory.
Episodic Buffer: Acts as a 'backup' store which communicates with both long term memory and
the components of working memory.
- The original model was updated by Baddeley (2000) after the model failed to explain the results
of various experiments.
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