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Summary BTEC National Uniformed Public Services Student Book 1, ISBN: 9780435499457 Unit 3 - Citizenship, Diversity and the Public Services
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Senem Deniz Cengiz15068034
P4/M2
The Legal and Human Rights that Protect Citizens and Promote Diversity
People’s rights can be compromised for a variety of reasons these can be ethnic origin to their
beliefs and values and this includes sexuality and religion. Human rights abused are usually
committed towards people who have the least amount of power in society, these people can be
from a certain ethnic group, or an individual/groups belief and their values. Many societies have
laws and guidance that are used to protect the rights of others – United Nations Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR). This is not the only legal protection that provides safety to individual, it
covers human rights and legal rights.
What are Human Rights?
It is when certain things that an individual is entitled to have or do based on principles of fairness or
justice. Many of the rights are written down in the constitution of a country, it lists the basic rights a
citizen can expect. Some countries do not have a constitution so it is assumed that the citizens can
do anything unless the law expressly forbids it. They are called legal rights. People also claim rights
based on general ideas of fairness and equality, they are called moral or human rights and they can
or cannot be supported by the law of the land.
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
The most fundamental document in the field of human rights was developed by the UN, United
Nations. It is called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and it remains the standards
of acceptable conduct across the globe. The UN coordinates aid in disaster situations, maintains
international peace and security, helps build and stabilise economies and financial markets and
promotes respect for human rights and much more. The UDHR was put together after World War
Two and it came into effect on 10 th December 1948. The document contains the basic rights and
fundamental freedoms every human being should have but it does not power to punish those who
break the rules. There are 30 articles in the document, some are broken into subheadings.
(m2) The UDHR is effective to protect citizens and their rights as the declaration outlines 30 rights
and freedom that belongs to every individual and no one can take it away from us. Since the UDHR
came out it has helped more vulnerable people to gain greater freedom and security, and it has
prevented violations, obtain justice for wrongs and strengthen national and international human
rights laws and safeguards. With citizens having their rights protected also means that their basic
needs (food housing and education) will all be covered, so this means that they can get the
education they need, alongside of having a home. It has improved on protecting certain groups –
disabled people, indigenous people and women.
Individual and Group Beliefs and Values
Everyone is entitled to their own values, attitude and beliefs. In the Human Rights Act 1998, it
protects peoples right of freedom of thought, belief and religion. Public Authorities cannot interfere
with your right to hold or change your belief.
Values are long-lasting beliefs about what is important to a person, these become standards which
people order their lives and make their choices. A belief is when it will develop into a value when the
person’s commitment grows, and they see it being important.
(m2) This Act has many good effects on individual’s daily lives of those who follow certain beliefs and
values. This means that the group or individual can make their choices and live their lives as they
wish too without anyone interfering. Also, it can educate the community the group/individual is
staying in and their workplace about new values and beliefs which might interest others. It allows
people of different cultures, beliefs and religion to enjoy their freedom without feeling afraid in their
community. It also can put an end to discrimination with this Act in place.
, Senem Deniz Cengiz
15068034
The Social Structure:
Social Structure is an arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society interact and
live together. This structure can have a major impact on the issues of human rights, often it is the
most vulnerable people in society who have their rights infringed the most.
(m2) This influences people’s daily lives as it helps to engage people in certain situations, and it
creates order and predictability. Furthermore, it keeps a stable pattern of social relationships that
exist in a certain society or group. Adding on to this is it can connect people to larger society through
social relationships, but for the homeless people this can be a bit difficult as they have little
connections, and the social structure help people make sense of their environment which makes
people accept everyone around them.
Human Rights Act 1988:
The Human Rights Act was not incorporated into the UK until October 1 st, 2000. It was intended to
make the European Convention on Human Rights law in this country and outline and protect the
rights of people. The Act makes it clear of the rights that an individual is entitled to, regardless of
their sex, race, colour, language, religion, national and much more. It is an important piece of equal
opportunities legislation outlawing recruitment discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation,
religious belief and family circumstances.
(m2) This Act was created to give citizens further effect to rights and freedom. It allows everyone to
live with dignity, freedom, equality and justice. It protects citizens from their freedom being taken
away from them and it provides everyone with the basic needs that are needed on a daily basis –
food, housing and education. Moreover, it provides life, security, equality and liberty. These human
rights act protect individual’s/groups from people with higher power to them. The public bodies
(courts, police, local authorities, hospitals and publicly funded schools) have to respect and protect
your human rights. Everyone has the right to be treated equal no matter what their gender, religion,
race and much more so with the Human Rights Act in place it prevents people from discriminating
people in the workplace and in the outside world.
Geneva Convention:
The Geneva Convention was originated in 1864 and was then updated in 1949 after the World War
II. The Geneva Convention rules only apply in times of armed conflict and seek to protect people
who are not or no longer taking part in hostilities - sick/wounded of the armed forces on the field,
and shipwrecked members of the armed forces at sea, prisoners of war and civilians.
(m2) This protects the people who have fought in the wars and the medical equipment’s that are
used treating the causalities. Also, the Geneva Convention protects the rights of those who are
prisoners of war, detainees, civilians and civilian objects. All the Geneva Conventions have to be
abided by in the first and second Geneva Convention one of the rules are: each side must treat the
enemy wounded as their own. The third Convention: must be supplied with adequate food and
clothing, and the fourth Convention: protected citizens must be treated humanely and must not be
discriminated against because of their race, religion or political opinions.
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR):
The idea for the ECHR was proposed in the early 1940s while the World War II was going on. The Act
was made to make sure the government would never be allowed to dehumanise and abuse people’s
rights with impunity. On the 3rd September 1953 the Convention was finally placed.
(m2) The ECHR ensures that all citizens have their basic rights protected and to have freedom. All 47
states of the Council that signed the Convention make sure that action is taken when a citizen feels
that their freedom, or rights have been taken off them or being abused by someone with higher
power. This makes citizens feel more comfortable and trust the government more. All basic rights
and freedom of people are protected, as it is a treaty to protect the rule and law and promote
democracy in European countries. For all humans to have their basic rights protected is important as
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