In this document i share the key most relevant theories when it comes to understanding an individual's behaviour and personality. We cover theories, crticial points, studies and arguments. Along with this we understand what constructs personality / behaviour / what can determine or change behaviour...
• Sees personality structure as involving cognitive/affective processes that are impacted on by
the environment
• Bandura’s social learning theory focused on interactions between person, behaviour and
environment
• Kelly’s personal construct theory focused on the meaning we attach to our environments
• Mischel’s cognitive-affective processing system focused on the interaction between the
person and the situation
3 Key Studies & Psychologists for Social Psychology and understanding individual differences
• Bandura: Social learning theory
• Kelly: Personal construct theory
• Mischel: The personality/situation interaction
Cognitive affective processing system
--
Key assumptions about the social cognitive approach
• Identifying & measuring personality traits is overly simplistic
• Thought and emotional processes are central to personality
• Most of these processes are conscious
• Personality therefore develops and changes through cognitive processes and social
interaction
Personality structures involve
• Expectations
• Beliefs,
• Behavioral standards
• Personal goals
, Consistency in a person across similar situations reflects a ‘behavioral signature
Main Methods used to understand Personality
• Self-report questionnaires
• Experiments
• Direct observation
Social-cognitive theories of personality
• Our behaviour and personalities are a response to our immediate conscious experiences and
our environment/situations
• Cognitive = about conscious thought processes
• Social = accounts for the environment and social world
• Looking from the inside out but also from the outside in
• able to think about ourselves and our lives (self-reflective)
• We have the capacity to influence our own experiences & destinies
• Our thinking processes interact with the social environment (thus ‘social-cognitive’)
• We are motivated by our own cognitions that involve self-efficacy beliefs, personal goals,
and evaluative standards
Criteria’s that should be met for a personality theory are
Empirical Validity
Description
Explanation
Testable Concepts
Applied Value
Comprehensiveness
Parsimony
Heuristic Value
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
BY BANDURA
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