PDF of typed notes of key terms and concepts required for the exam, as expressed in the Manual of Standards (MoS). Very convenient to carry around on the go!
I passed all of my CPL, IREX and ATPL subject exams in the past 12 months first-time, with an average of 90. My lowest score through CPL w...
THERMAL ENERGY
● Feeling of heat is the transfer of thermal energy
● Contained within any object with a temperature above absolute zero
● Transfer of energy flows from hot to cold
CONDUCTION
● Flow of heat via contact between two objects
CONVECTION
● Vertical movement of hot and cold due its buoyancy relative to the
surrounds
● Hot air is lighter than the surrounding air, and therefore rises
● Cold air is denser than the surrounding air, and therefore sinks
ADVECTION
● Horizontal movement of hot and cold
● Wind
RADIATION
● Flow of heat via electromagnetic radiation, without contact
● Can travel without an atmosphere
LATENT HEAT
● Flow of heat via phase change of an object
● Either absorbed into the object or released into the environment
,SPECIFIC HEAT
● Energy required to change its temperature by 1 degree
● High specific heat means a large amount of energy is required to
change its temperature
● Low specific heat means only a small amount of energy is required to
change its temperature
HEIGHT
● Vertical distance above a datum, usually above ground level
ALTITUDE
● Vertical distance above mean sea level
ELEVATION
● Vertical distance of some point on the ground, above mean sea level
QNH
● Air pressure at any point on the earth, measured at mean sea level
QFE
● Air pressure at field elevation, measured at some point on the ground
PRESSURE HEIGHT
● Vertical distance above the international standard atmosphere mean
sea level, 1013.25 hPA
● 1 hPA is lost for every 30 ft of height gained
ISA TEMPERATURE
● 15 degrees at mean sea level
● 2 degrees is lost for every 1,000 ft of height gained
,THE ATMOSPHERE
● 78% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, 2% carbon dioxide and other gases
● Broken up into layers defined by the behaviour of temperature with
increasing height
● Water vapour present in lower level of atmosphere in amounts
varying from trace to 3% of total mass
TROPOSPHERE
● First layer of the atmosphere
● Temperature decreases as height increases
● About 60,000 ft (18 km) over the equator and 30,000 ft (8 km) over
the poles
● Contains virtually all convection, water vapour, weather and clouds
TROPOPAUSE
● Boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere
● Marked by the change to an isothermal temperature lapse rate
● Convection of air weakens due to the converging buoyancy of the
surrounding air
STRATOSPHERE
● Second layer of the atmosphere
● Temperature is constant as height increases to a point, and then
temperature increases as height increases given the proximity to the
ozone
● Little to no vertical mixing of air due to the increase in the ambient
temperature preventing convection
● Only towering cumulus or cumulonimbus may be found here due to
very strong convection
ISOTHERMAL LAYER
● Temperature is constant as height increases
, SOLAR RADIATION
● Ozone gas absorbs large amounts of solar radiation, producing
temperatures similar to that on the ground
○ Concentrated at 50 km above ground
● Remaining can be reflected back to space from cloud tops
● Some is scattered by air particles, producing the blue colour of the
sky
● What’s left is arrives at the surface and may be absorbed or
reflected
● Equatorial regions receive radiation at a greater intensity than the
poles
○ Therefore equatorial regions have higher surface temperatures
○ During summer in the southern hemisphere, due to the tilt, the
most intense solar heating occurs south of the equator
○ During winter in the southern hemisphere, due to the tilt, the
most intense solar heating occurs north of the equator
TROPICAL CELL
● Equatorial regions with high surface temperatures heat the air via
conduction
● Hot air rises due to convection until it can rise no further
● Air moves laterally towards the poles
● Air begins to cool (not at the poles) and sinks to the surface
POLAR CELL
● Polar regions with low surface temperatures cool the air via
conduction
● Sinking cold air pushes air below it towards the equator
● Transversing air warms as it moves to lower latitudes
● Once warm enough, it rises and returns to the polar regions where it
then sinks
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller captainrabbit. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £11.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
