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1. General Lab Values Q1: What is the normal range for serum sodium levels? A) 135-145 mEq/L B) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L C) 70-100 mg/dL D) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL Answer: A) 135-145 mEq/L Elaboration: Serum sodium levels are crucial for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function. Values outside this range can indicate dehydration, kidney issues, or other medical conditions. 2. Electrolytes Q2: Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for maintaining cardiac rhythm? A) Calcium B) Sodium C) Potas...

1. General Knowledge of Blood Types Q1: Which blood type is considered the universal donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O Answer: D) O Elaboration: Blood type O is known as the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens, making it safe for transfusion to any blood type. Individuals with type O blood can donate to anyone, but they can only receive type O blood. 2. Blood Type Testing and Compatibility Q2: What is the primary purpose of the crossmatch test before a blood transfusion? A)...

General Assessment Principles Q1: What is the primary purpose of performing a comprehensive health assessment? A) To diagnose diseases B) To establish a baseline for future assessments C) To prescribe medications D) To determine the patient's financial status Answer: B) To establish a baseline for future assessments Elaboration: A comprehensive health assessment helps to gather baseline data about the patient’s health status, which is essential for comparison in future assessments an...

Suffixes, Prefixes, Antidotes, & Common Therapeutic Levels Q1: Which of the following suffixes indicates that a drug is a beta-blocker? A) -pril B) -olol C) -statin D) -cillin Answer: B) -olol Elaboration: The suffix “-olol” is commonly used for beta-blockers, which are medications that block beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and blood pressure. Pain Management Drugs (NSAIDs, Opioid Analgesics) Q2: Which medication is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-in...

Common Abbreviations & "DO NOT use list" Q1: What does the abbreviation "NPO" stand for? A) Nothing by mouth B) Nutrition provided orally C) No past orders D) Normal patient output Answer: A) Nothing by mouth Elaboration: NPO is a medical abbreviation meaning the patient should not take anything by mouth, often used before surgery or certain medical procedures. Priority Questions Q2: In a triage situation, which patient should the nurse assess first? A) A patient with a spraine...

Endocrine Q1: Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels? A) Insulin B) Cortisol C) Thyroxine D) Glucagon Answer: A) Insulin Elaboration: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the body's cells. In diabetes, this regulation is impaired. Diabetes Type 1 & 2 Q2: A patient with Type 2 diabetes is prescribed Metformin. What is the primary action of this medication? A) Increases insulin p...

1. APGAR Q1: What does the "P" in the APGAR score stand for? A) Pulse B) Pressure C) Position D) Prolapse Answer: A) Pulse Elaboration: The APGAR score evaluates five criteria (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) to assess the health of a newborn at one and five minutes after birth. The "P" specifically refers to the heart rate (pulse). 2. Acronyms Q2: What does the acronym "LMP" stand for in obstetric terms? A) Last Menstrual Period B) Labor Management Pl...

1. Pediatric Vital Signs Q1: What is the normal range for a resting heart rate in a 2-year-old child? A) 60-100 bpm B) 80-120 bpm C) 100-140 bpm D) 120-160 bpm Answer: B) 80-120 bpm Elaboration: The normal resting heart rate for toddlers (1-3 years) is typically between 80 and 120 beats per minute. 2. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development Q2: At what stage of Piaget's cognitive development do children begin to think logically about concrete events? A) Sensorimotor B) Preopera...

1. Abbreviations Q1: What does the abbreviation "IM" stand for in medication administration? A) Intramuscular B) Intravenous C) Intraosseous D) Inhalation Answer: A) Intramuscular Elaboration: "IM" refers to the intramuscular route of administration, where medication is injected directly into a muscle. 2. Conversion Overview (Volume & Weight) Q2: How many milliliters are in 0.5 liters? A) 50 mL B) 100 mL C) 500 mL D) 1000 mL Answer: C) 500 mL Elaboration: There are 1000 ...

Sodium controls which types of cells? A Brain cells and skeletal muscle cells. 2 Q Abnormal sodium levels cause which symptoms? A Symptoms from brain cell and skeletal muscle dysfunction: decreased level of consciousness (↓ LOC) seizures muscle twitching headaches 3 Q Potassium controls which types of cells? A Heart and skeletal muscle cells. 4 Q Abnormal potassium levels cause which symptoms? A Symptoms from heart and skeletal muscle dysfunction: heart dy...