Sonography Canada Core Review Exam 2023.

Sonography Canada Core Review Exam 2023. f - ANSWER v/wavelength frequency - ANSWER number of cycles per second T - ANSWER 1/f Period - ANSWER length of time for one cycle 1540 m/s - ANSWER speed of sound in soft tissue infrasound - ANSWER 20Hz audible sound - ANSWER 20Hz-20,000Hz ultrasound - ANSWER 20,000Hz c - ANSWER = root (bulk modulus/density) or =stiffness/density bulk modulus - ANSWER stress/strain I - ANSWER = P/a P - ANSWER = E/T Amplitude - ANSWER maximum deviation from normal A - ANSWER = max-normal A^2 - ANSWER proportional to intensity and power PRP - ANSWER = 1/PRF line time - ANSWER (PRP) time for one scan line PRF - ANSWER number pulses per sec PRP/ PRF factors - ANSWER depth speed of sound PD - ANSWER =T x # cycles per pulse Sonography Canada Core Review Exam 2023 DF - ANSWER = PD/PRP SPL - ANSWER = wavelength x #cycles in one pulse Ax Res - ANSWER = SPL/2 Range Eqn - ANSWER d=0.77t Attenuation (eqn) - ANSWER =0.5fL Attenuation coefficient - ANSWER 0.5dB/cm soft tissue Z - ANSWER =cp % reflection - ANSWER =[z2-z1/z2+z1]^2 bit depth - ANSWER =2^n IRC - ANSWER = reflected intensity/incident intensity NZL - ANSWER = (crystal diam^2 x f)/ 6 Young's Modulus - ANSWER =3pc^2 or = stress/strain methods with highest thermal risk/ lowest mech risk - ANSWER CW and PW spectral Methods with lowest thermal risk/ highest mech risk - ANSWER B mode Isppa - ANSWER mech risk highest Isppa - ANSWER 190W/cm^2 Ispta - ANSWER thermal risk highest Ispta - ANSWER 720mW/cm^2 AIUM TI recommendations - ANSWER 11-14wks spectral only with clear benefit TI 0.7 only 5-10min max snell's law - ANSWER if prop speed increases at media border, refracted angle is greater than incident Huygen's Principle - ANSWER waves are a result of many small wavelets at transducer face based on constructive interference Aperture - ANSWER number/ width of crystals creating a beam FR - ANSWER =PRF/#lines per frame Frame Rate - ANSWER frames created per second Frame Time - ANSWER amount of time taken to create one frame Nyquist Limit - ANSWER =PRF/2 hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER =pgh Re - ANSWER =v2rp/n Reynold's turbulence - ANSWER 2000 continuity eq - ANSWER Q=va Bernoulli's - ANSWER pressure decreases with velocity increase Pressure gradient (eq) - ANSWER =4v^2 Doppler shift (eqn) - ANSWER =2fvcos0/c Poiseuille's - ANSWER Q=pressure grad/resistance Resistance (eq) - ANSWER 8Ln/pi r^4 RI - ANSWER =PSV-EDV/PSV PI - ANSWER =PSV-EDV/mean v aliasing - ANSWER wrap around due to undersampling of doppler shifts .