Samenvatting
Summary Engels literatuur VWO6
- Vak
- Engels
- Niveau
- VWO / Gymnasium
alle kenmerken, schrijvers, periodes, boeken en gedichten in een document
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English LiteratureOld English period
(750-1100)
English takes its name from the Angles
Germanic tribes that invaded Britain after fell of Roman Empire:
- Angles
- Saxons
- Jutes
After Norman conquest, Old English/Anglo Saxon was to end soon
Invaders brought poems: tales of heroes
- no rhyme but alliteration
- Passed on by word of mouth
- Committed to paper and copied by monks in monasteries
- Beowulf: hero who kills the monster Grendel
Epic: long story, usually in verse form, about a hero
Middle English Period
(1100-1500)
1066: norman conquest, battle of Hastings, William the conqueror crossed the Channel and
conquered England. French becomes language of higher circles, law and government.
Common people spoke English, but it changed much because of French origin
Form literary works: poetry, but alliteration was replaced by rhyme under French influence
Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales
- frame story: contains other story
- Company of pilgrims intend to visit Thomas Becket’s shrine in Canterbury and decides to hold
a story-telling conquest. Each pilgrim is to tell a story to entertain his fellow pilgrims: The wife
of Bath’s Tale, The Knight’s Tale
Popular genres: Ballads and Romances
Ballad: anonymous narrative poem meant to be sung
Romances: written down, stories bout knights that combine adventure and courtly love (King
Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table)
Renaissance
(1500-1660)
= period in which art, architecture and study of literature flowered. End of Middle Ages and
beginning of the Modern World.
Language in England: modern English, based on dialect of East Midlands in Middle English.
Humanism: study of the Ancient Greeks and Romans, which combines classical ideas and
Christian Culture.
Carpe diem: seize the day, enjoy the moment
All people are equal to god.
Man become more important. Still god centred but life on earth was thought to be more important
than life in heaven.
Works not anonymous anymore. Artist became a creator who revealed his identity, instead of
instrument of god
1534: separation English church from catholic church
Most important literary expression: Drama (Shakespeare)
, - in 1594, 15.000 people visited acting companies weekly
- Londoners went to a play at least 20x a year
- 15-20% of people lived pithing walking distance from playhouses
Theatres built outside the city proper, made of wood, open to air and round with a yard and 3
galleries and gentlemen’s rooms.
Plays performed without intervals and little or no scenery
Puritan authorities of London disapproved of drama. Playhouses were outside the City proper,.
Actresses were unknown. Female parts were performed by boys and young men.
However, Queen Elizabeth supported professional drama. They trained actors perform plays for
entertainment at court.
Shakespeare:
- born in Stratford-Upon-Avon in 1564
- His professional life was in London
- Became one of the leading men of a new company of actors: patron Lord Chamberlain
- 1599: Globe theatre built
- Shakespeares company: The King’s Men performed there.
- Was more well-off than fellow playwrights because he was a shareholder in the company of
players
- Died in 1616
- Never published his plays: was not necessary because plays were sold by writers to theatrical
companies and performed from manuscript
- After his death: sold under title of “Mr William Shakespeare’s Comedies, Tragedies and History
plays
Comedie: function is entertainment. Disagreements, separation, happiness, always happy
ending!! Very often a wedding (A midsummer Night’s dream)
Tragedies: serious in tone, serious problems. Main character always an important person. Never
have a happy ending. Defeat, dissappointment, failure, death (Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet)
History plays: about English kings. Based on historical fact and serious in tone (Richard III)
Plays were written in blank verse: lines of 10 syllables without rhyme
Lyrical poetry = about feelings and emotions. Theme: Love
Special genre: Sonnet
= poem with special structure and rhyme scheme (3 quatrains, 3x4 lines - one couplet, 2lines)
abab cdcd efef gg
Assignments about Romeo and Juliet!
Eighteenth Century
1660-1800
1678: Glorious revolution + John Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim’s Progress
= inspired by myriads of readers throughout the centuries, being acknowledged as a religious and
literary masterpiece. Bunyan wrote it in times of political turmoil and persecution in England.
Summary:
Written in form of an allegory: work in which characters and plot symbolize other ideas; the
interpretation surpasses the literal meaning of a text. Can be read on two levels: literate and
symbolic.
Literal level: setting, plot, characters of the tale
Symbolic level:secondary interpretation of the story, where the plot, characters and setting take
on a figurative meaning that communicates a message, normally political or philosophical in
nature
Religious allegory: message is religious or designed to communicate some form of doctrine
Questions about Christian’s burden!!!
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