Theories/Points to relate essay to:
Lecture 1:
● Mass communication theory
● 20th century importance for communication field
● due to developments in the 19th century (modernization)
● 19th c
● industrialization
● nationalism (propaganda)
● birth of political parties
● socialism
● emancipation of the masses
● = rise of the modern media
● WWI; propaganda (motivate 4 war)
● Newspapers, magazines, radio
● Campaigns (patriotic)
● Propaganda powerful
● mass com. ancient theory (Greeks and Roman)
● Rhetroica
● Earliest written model com-sci
● persuasion
● 2 schools of classical com-sci
● Dialectic Method (discover truth)
● Discourse, logical/rational argumentation
● Rhetorica (persuasion, practical)
● 3 building blocks of message (logos, ethos, pathos)
● used for successful com / persuasion
● Diff type of media and diff types of channels
● chanel = media
● diff carrier of com (affects perception of com.)
● Media of ancient civilization
● Cicero’s De oratore: the perfect orator
● building blocks of successful com.
● Familiarity w sender,
● Clear Goals of com
● How achieve goals
● What if goal achieved
● Transmission Model
● Advanced version of transmission model (noise)
● Mono-semic model
, ● Poly-semic model
● 4 dimensions and types of media theory (book summary too)
● media, culture, society, materialist
● The pyramid of communication (p.32 → book)
● Diff stages of sending message (Aristotle- video week 1)
● invention, style, delivery
● (P. 21 van book: points inspo)
● Limitations of Coverage and Perspective (book summary)
Lecture 2:
● Previous milestones in com-sci (oral, figurative, written word)
● Disruptive innovations in the media landscape (societal change)
● Organically or disruptively
● Old media
● New media
● What made new media possible/changes in media landscape
● (technological, economical, cultural elements)
● Need 4. Social developments
● 4th milestone: Printing revolution (press printing)
● Popular bc need for persuasion, easy way 2 spread info
● Pamphlets
● New mass medium
● Check video notes L2
● Newspapers
● 5th milestone: the new newspaper (19th) —> new journalism
● Power/influence mass media changed in 19th century
● (literacy, new technologies, periodicals, ads (transition))
● New journalism (topics, audience, legislation)
● Professionalization of journalism
● Milestone 6: Invention of internet
● New civilization
● Digital games (revenue, ethical dilemma, governance)
● Entrance new media consequences
● (blurred boundaries, end of other media?, media compliments each others,
stable system at last, new status quo)
● HIERNA BOOK:
● Mass media
● Print media (& consequences)
● Book
● Newspaper
● Types of newspapers
● Other print media
● Digital games
● New vs old media
● Mass self communication
● Internet
, ● Continued significance of mass media and com.
Lecture 3:
● Definition concept/theory
● Mass communication features
● Large, one directional, assymetrical, calculative and standardized
● Group vs. Mass
● P not anonymous, part of 1 group
● Group feautures
● Questions (concerns) about Mass
● 4 models of com
● Transmission, publicity, expressive/ritual, reception
● Perspectives of media in metaphor
● Filter, gatekeeper, etc.
● 3 schools of thought
● Frankfurt, Toronto, Birmingham
● Popular culture (video 3)
● HIERNA BOOK CH3:
● The mass concept
● The mass audience
● The mass culture and popular culture
● The rise of a dominant paradigm for theory and research
● De-westerinizing and universalizing/internationalizing media & mass com.
● Origins in functionalism and information science
● Bias of the paradigm towards studying media effects and social problems
● Dominant paradigm
● Four Models of Communication
● Transmission!
● Ritual (internal satisfaction)
● Publicity
● Reception
● HIERNA BOOK CH4:
● Mass, society and culture: connections and conflicts
● Relationship mass media and society (quadrant)
● Mass self-communication
● Mediation of social relations and experience
● The mediation concept
● Types of interaction
● Mediation metaphors
● Connection media with society ( a frame of reference)
● Mass society theory
, Lecture 1
When did we start thinking about mass communication as a theory?
● When language was created (student answer)
● McQuail: beg. Of the 20th century
● Mass com. Is an ancient concept.
○ Greeks and romans studied communication (books about it exist, there was a
a lot of literature about it)
○ Earliest written models of com-sci we know about (maybe niet oudste),
○ They called com sci = rhetorica (public speaker)
○ Rhetorica focused on persuasion
○ Greeks invented it, romans perfected it
Why was beg of 20th century important for communication field?
● In the 19th century, developments in industrial landscape took place
○ Machines produce paper cheaper/quicker than before
○ Printing presses to create pamflets/books, newspapers etc (cheaper)
○ More people knew how to read/write (bigger audience)
● Able to print media. Made it possible to communicate with the mass for a very low
price. This is an era of modernization.
19th century:
● Industrialization
● Rise of nationalism: get people to fight for their country
○ In middle ages not needed, p just needed armour
○ But then firearms came, and local man could kill well trained knight
○ As a results Military system/Political infrastructure changed
○ Thats why they needed p to follow leaders (difficult)
■ Why would person follow leader and let them have everything if they
could just kill them and have it themselves —> rise of propaganda
■ propaganda: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature,
used to promote a political cause or point of view.
● Birth of political parties
○ Myth of nationalism/propaganda: we as dutch have to stick together bc we
are better than everyone else
■ Purpose of nationalism: to make people follow their leaders, be
obedient, fight in wars
○ To communicate this myth, needed : carriers of communiation (propoganda)
■ Books, pamlfets, newspapers, posters etc.
■ Not only used for nationalism, also new political ideologies —>
● Birth of socialism (became big bc of mass media)
○ In a socialist system, all decisions regarding production, distribution, and
pricing are made by the government. Citizens in socialist societies depend
on the government for everything, including food, housing, education, and
healthcare.
● Emancipation of the masses
○ Created an audience that was willing to read these messages
