Samenvatting
Case Sudy Fukushima lecture notes + summary all articles
- Instelling
- Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Case Sudy Fukushima lecture notes + summary all articles
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 105 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 105 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Introduction to the Fukushima case.Lecture 1 Wit:
11 March, 2011, the day of the triple disaster.
Great Tohoku Earthquake. 9.0-9.1 magnitude. Most powerful in Japan.
Damage to infrastructure
- Roads inaccessible
- Power outage due to severed power lines
Tsunami
- Over 30 m in certain places
- 500 km of Japanese east coast devastated
- Water covered area 90% of Tokyo
- Highest tsunami in history
HQ in Prime Minister office.
- Crisis management center
- Disaster countermeasures
- decapitation of local governments
Mobilization of Japanese self-defense forces.
- Support from the US. Operation Tomodachi.
- Countries and international organizations
- Civil society, large amount of volunteers
- NGO’s (institutions coordinating disaster relief across Japan)
Disaster:
,
,Actors:
On site: workers
Off site: Supervisor Yoshida
Leader: PM Naoto Kan
Humanitarian crisis:
470.000 people displaced at peak crisis
170.000 due to natural disasters
Still lots of people are displaced.
Consequences and aftermath:
Support for evacuees and reconstruction of the region
reviving industries and livelihoods.
decommisioning Daichi and nuclear safety.
, Reading Kushia 2016: Learning from a disaster
Fukushima Daiichi plant had 6 reactors, 1, 2 & 3 were operational. (the rest, routine maintenance)
After earthquake, reactors scrammed (SCRAM), emergency shutdown.
All external power was cut off, but internal power (EDG’s and batteries0 began to operate pumps
and cool system.
Tsunami obliterated the seawall, destroyed all on-site back-up power sources and pumps (necessary
to cool down reactor). Without capability to cool core meltdown and hydrogen explosion.
No direct deaths because of radiation. Disaster 7 on a scale of INES. Maximum, just like Chernobyl (6
times more radiation due to explosion core reactor)
Too cool down reactor: seawater into fuel pools and reactor contaminated water. Partly released
into the Pacific.
EARTHQUAKE
Operations center buildings catastrophically damaged, almost unusable.
Completely dependent on its on-site backup power sources.
Staff evacuated to a newly constructed emergency operations center, built on slightly higher
ground and designed to withstand strong earthquakes.
Had this structure not existed, the lack of a viable on-site staging ground for the rescue
operation would have likely led to a significantly worse outcome. This seismically reinforced
operations center had been completed just eight months prior to the earthquake
TSUNAMI
10 m. seawall designed to stop a tsunami only up to 5.7 meters. Waves of 12 meter
Destroyed much of cooling system. Pumps seawater reactor building. Cool fuel rods.
Almost all of the on-site backup power sources and infrastructure—the diesel generators,
batteries, and circuit boards for the plant.
Lost capability to cool.
The Fukushima Daiichi Reactors 1, 2, and 3, which were operating at the time of the disaster, were
boiling water reactors (BWR). In a BWR, heat from the nuclear reactions of fuel rods within a sealed
chamber boils water under high pressure, creating steam that rotates turbines to generate
electricity. The total seawater requirement was almost 1.9 million tons daily for this one plant.
Initial scrams - emergency shutdowns of the fuel core reactions—were successful.
But even after shutting down, the fuel rods retained considerable heat, requiring large amounts of
water for cooling.
Restoring cooling capabilities was of paramount importance.
Not been able to cool the reactors and could not monitor the water levels of Reactors 1 and 2,
Fukushima Daiichi plant manager Masao Yoshida officially declared a “nuclear emergency in
progress,” in accordance with the Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Act. As soon as the hot core
evaporated the water and exposed the fuel rods, the rods would overheat and become damaged,
resulting in the phenomenon commonly labeled “meltdown.”
As events rapidly unfolded, severe information and communications problems at all levels of
decision-making plagued the recovery effort.
The earthquake paralyzed telecommunications networks around the country, and in the Tokyo
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper mauritshorst. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 52510 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen