This is a summary for the course 7S3X0 Introduction Building Physics and Material Science. The summary is about the theory of the second part of the course: the Building Physics part. This summary was made using the reader for Lighting, Heat and Moisture and Sound. It is written fully in English. N...
Britt Kusters | Eindhoven University of Technology
12-04-18
Summary IBPM: Lighting, Heat & Moisture, Sound
Summary IBPM | Lighting
1 Building & Light
Light can be described in three quality related terms:
Form: light provides information about shape, colour and texture
Feeling
Function: functional aspect of light: to enable people to perform their
visual task
Building envelope:
- Influences to daylight quantity and quality of a space
- Influences outdoor view
What is light?
1. Wave phenomenon
2. Continuing stream of photons
Visually perceived electromagnetic radiation
Human light sensitivity curve V = 380-780nm
Main light sources
Sun (daylight): direct & indirect (reflections) daylight is dynamic, good
colour rendering quality (continuous spectrum), enters room through
openings in external divisions, quality/quantity depends aspects of daylight
openings
Lamps (electric light sources) static character, no continuous spectrum,
relatively small bright surface, can be determined in advance
Light incident on a material can interact in three possible ways:
Reflection
Absorption
Transmission
2 Daylight design
Three basic functions for interacting with daylight:
1. Letting it enter the room
2. Redirecting it into the room
3. Blocking it from the building (opening also allow solar radiation enter the
building)
3 Daylight
Daylight: visible part of solar radiation from sun received by earth’s surface
Sun: point light source (distance earthsun is high)
We distinguish between:
- Direct component (direct sunlight)
- Difuse component (part of light emitted by sun that reaches earth by
scattering and reflections through atmosphere)
Sky conditions:
- Overcast sky: 100% cloudiness, no direct sunlight
- Cloudy sky: >70% cloudiness
,Britt Kusters | Eindhoven University of Technology
12-04-18
Standard CIE-skies:
- Uniform
- Overcast
- Intermediate: foggy version of clear sky
- Clear
Daylight factor: horizontal illuminance in a point in a space as percentage of
external horizontal illuminace in unobstructed feld under a given illuminance
distribution of the sky
Three methods:
1. Daylight simulator: DF= Ehor./Ehorr.f*100%
2.
3. Simulation software: Radiance, DIALux, Relux
Luminance of sunlight varies with
, Britt Kusters | Eindhoven University of Technology
12-04-18
- Thickness of air mass which it has to pass through
- Geographical latitude
- Elevation angle of sun
- Atmospheric conditions
Designing with varying sky domes:
1. Climate with mostly cloudy sky conditions:
- Large daylight openings
- Light interior
- Depth of space max. 2 times window height
- Reside in day-lit area near façade
- Daylight from two sides
2. Sunny conditions
- Orientation and position of sun are essential
- Warm periods: solar shading necessary
- Window openings in north façade (northern hemisphere)
- Solar entrance on south façade (northern hemisphere)
4 Daylight quality
Elements that influence view quality:
Distance to observed buildings
Observations of weather
Observations of movement
Observations of natural elements
Privacy
Daylight entrance
Glare
Direct:
- Too high luminances
- Too high contrasts
Indirect: reflections
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