6645 Midterm Review ALL SOLUTION LATEST EDITION 2024 GUARANTEED GRADE A+

Mental Research Institute (MRI) assessement technique Assessment focuses n the symptom(s) and does not look at history. Looks for instances of circular causality and determines sequences of symptom maintaining behaviors Who are the theorists associated with MRI? Watzlawick, Wekland, Fisch, Jackson and Sluzki sensate focus exercises exercises designed to reduce anxiety and teach mutual pleasuring through non-genital touching in non-demanding situations attachment seeking closeness in the face of stress Anxiously attached children have overly protective and intrusive parents Avoidantly attached children have emotionally unavailable parents. The child will make initial attempts at seeking comfort from his or her caregiver, but when it becomes apparent that the caregiver will not respond, the child eventually gives up complimentarity refers to the reciprocity that is the defining feature of every relationship process/content Focus on "how" people talk rather than "what" they talk about; the most productive shift a family therapist can make; focusing on the underlying processes that are contributing to the content is key enmeshment offers access to support, but at the expense of independence. Enmeshed parents are loving and attentive; however, their children tend to be dependent and may have trouble relating to people outside their family family life cycle a series of stages determined by a combination of age, marital status, and the presence or absence of children Narrative Therapy emphasizes the fact that families with problems come to therapy with defeatist narratives that tend to keep them from acting effectively-Michael White Personal Construct Theory According to George Kelly, we make sense of the world by creating our own constructs of the environment. We interpret and organize events, and we make predictions that guide our actions on the basis of these constructs. Reframing techniques Process of redefining events from a different point of view; relabeling behavior to shift how family members respond to it constructivism teaches us to look beyond behavior to the ways we interpret our experience. Moreover, in a world where all truth is relative, the perspective of the therapist has no more claim to objectivity than that of the clients social constructionism a sociological theory that argues that people actively shape their reality through social interaction; it is therefore something that is constructed, not inherent; it looks to uncover the ways in which individuals and groups participate in the construction of their perceived social reality Solution Focused Therapy the best way to solve a problem is to discover what people do when they're not having the problem triangles in family therapy Relationship problems often turn out to be triangular (Bowen, 1978), even though it may not always be apparent cybernetics when a family functions like a closed system, the response to a problem may actually perpetuate it; to employ this concept clinically, therapists simply identify how family members have been responding to their problems and then get them to try something different. Bowen Family Systems Therapy 1. Two counterbalencing life forces are togetherness and individuality 2. Differentation of self 3. Relationship Triangles 4. Understanding not problem-solving is the goal-ask process questions 5. Use of genograms to outline relational dynamics Murray Bowen one of the pioneers of family therapy, emphasized theory as opposed to technique, distinguishing his work from the more behaviorally oriented family therapists. Bowen’s extended family systems model is the most comprehensive theory in family therapy. The goal in the Bowenian model is differentiation of self, namely, the ability to remain oneself in the face of external influences, especially the pressures of family life Philip Guerin Guerin's highly articulated model outlines several therapeutic goals, which emphasize the multigenerational context of families, working to calm the emotional level of family members, and defining specific patterns of relationships within families differentiation of self cornerstone of Bowen's theory is both an intrapsychic and an interpersonal concept; roughly analogous to ego strength; is the capacity to think and reflect, to not respond automatically to emotional pressures; it is the ability to be flexible and act wisely, even in the face of anxiety A differentiated person capable of strong emotion and spontaneity but also possessing the self-restraint that comes with the ability to resist the pull of emotionality Emotional Triangle Virtually all relationships are shadowed by third parties—relatives, friends, even memories and driven by anxiety triangulation lets off steam but freezes conflict in place. It isn't that complaining or seeking solace is wrong, but rather that triangles become chronic diversions that undermine relationships. unifferentiated family ego mass describe an excess of emotional reactivity, or fusion in families. If you know someone who overreacts to what you're trying to say because he or she is given to emotional outbursts, then you know how frustrating it can be to deal with emotionally reactive people T or F: Lack of differentation in a family produces reactive children True: manifests as emotional overinvolvement or emotional cutoff from the parents, which in turn leads to fusion in new relationships—because people with limited emotional resources tend to project all their needs onto each other. Because this new fusion is unstable, it is likely to produce one or more of the following: (1) emotional distance; (2) physical or emotional dysfunction in one partner; (3) overt conflict; or (4) projection of discord onto children emotional cutoff Describes how some people manage anxiety in relationships. Some people seek distance by moving away; others do so emotionally by avoiding intimacy or insulating themselves with the presence of third parties Process patterns of emotional activity process questions Bowenian technique where questions designed to help family members think about their own reactions to what others are doing to foucs on rational planning and personal responsibility relationship experiment Second major technique in Bowenian therapy designed to help clients try something different from their usual emotionally driven responses. Some of these experiments may help resolve problems, but their primary purpose is to help clients develop the ability to resist being driven by their emotions Self-focus A cornerstone of Bowenian couples therapy in addition to reducing anxiety I-positions Therapeutic technique in which clients are encouraged to make non-reactive observations and statements of opinion, in order to define their positions as differentiated selves. Anxiety & differentiation Two pivotal concepts in Bowenian Therapy extended family systems therapy Murray Brown Viewed dysfunction as part of intergenerational process Goals/Techniques - differentiation of self in all family members Genograms Triangulation w/ tx Skowron's Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) An assessment that contains four subscales: 1. Emotional Cutoff 2. "I"-Position 3. Emotional Reactivity 4. Fusion with others DSI correlates with chronic anxiety, psychological stress, and marital satisfaction Chabot Emotional Differentiation Scale designed to measure the intrapsychic aspect of differentiation—the ability to think rationally in emotionally charged situations Multigenerational Transmission Process In Bowenian family therapy, the process by which roles, patterns, emotional reactivity, and family structure are passed from one generation to another. Poorly differentiated individuals tend to marry one another and over several generations produce offspring who are increasingly less differentiated and as a result suffer from severe mental disorders including schizophrenia. Bowenian Techniques 1. Genograms 2. Neutralizing triangles 3. Using process questions 4. Relationship experiments 5. Coaching as a means of avoiding triangles 6. "I"-positions-create a stabilizing effect Strategic therapy MRI's bief therapy, Haley and Madane's, Milan systemic model which were all developed at the Mental Research Institute (MRI), where strategic therapy was inspired by Gregory Bateson and Milton Erickson, the anthropologist and the alienist paradoxical interventions A technique used in strategic therapy whereby the therapist directs family members to continue their symptomatic behavior. If they conform, they admit control and expose secondary gain; if they rebel, they give up their symptoms. first-order change When only a specific behavior within a system changes. second-order change When the rules of a system change. The MRI Approach (1) identify positive-feedback loops that maintain problems; (2) determine the rules that support those interactions (3) find a way to change the rules in order to interrupt problem-maintaining behavior. hierarchical structure Family functioning based on clear generational boundaries, where the parents maintain control and authority. CONTINUED..