Advanced Directive correct answers *a written expression of a person's wishes about medical care during terminal illness
*written instructions for use in making medical decisions if a patient is rendered incompetent or is otherwise unable to express consent
*congress passed the Patient Self-D...
NUR 310 Final Exam || A+ Verified Solutions.
Advanced Directive correct answers *a written expression of a person's wishes about medical
care during terminal illness
*written instructions for use in making medical decisions if a patient is rendered incompetent or
is otherwise unable to express consent
*congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act in 1990 to address the difficult issues many
people were having in making health care decisions, especially decisions about the determination
of treatment.
-Under this act health care organizations were required to have written policies and procedures
concerning adult patients and their ability to provide informed consent and refusal of treatment.
Age of Consent correct answers -Line of confidentiality and consent are more vague and unclear
before the age of 14 (involve parents/guardians if <14).
-An adolescents capacity for decision-making doesn't occur before 15, and some experts have
said adolescent should not take part in significant autonomous decision making before age 14
*Adolescents under the age of 18 can give consent for their own care in a broad range of
circumstances and services
-Minors who can give consent are those who are over a certain age, mature, legally
emancipated, married, in the armed forces, living apart form their parents, high school graduates,
pregnant, or already parents
*Overtime, the adolescent can take on more, if not all, of the responsibility in the decision-
making process (if level of understanding and appreciation of the content of consent increased)
Autonomy correct answers *Act in a self-determined manner; the ability to make independent
decisions for oneself and to have those decisions respected by others
* 1 of 4 most well-known and frequently used bioethical principles
Beneficence correct answers *To do good
*1 of 4 most well-known and frequently used bioethical principles
Battery correct answers *A common law, an intentional unpermitted act causing harmful or
offensive contact with the "person" of another.
*Both a crime and a tort. Its essential element, harmful or offensive contact, is the same in both
areas of the law. The main distinction between the two lies in the penalty imposed. A defendant
sued for a tort is civilly liable to the plaintiff for damages. The punishment for criminal battery is
a fine, imprisonment, or both. Usually battery is prosecuted as a crime only in cases involving
serious harm to victim.
, Bioethics correct answers *A branch of ethics specifically focused on issues related to health
care/medicine
*Born out of the rapidly expanding technical environment of the 1900's
*As medical technology advanced , physicians, nurses, and other medical personnel were faced
w/greater responsibilities and stress regarding patient issues (Who lives? Who dies? and Who
decides?)
-New laws and healthcare policies had to be enacted to address these questions
*Four bioethical principles: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice
Casuistry correct answers *Means people make decisions inductively based on individual cases
*Today, casuistry is often method used by health care ethics committees to analyze the ethical
issues surrounding specific patient cases
-Analysis of similar cases provide guidance in ethical decision-making.
*The Four Topics Method of ethical decision-making is based on casuistry approach
Code of Ethics for Nurses correct answers *ANA Code 2001
*ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses
*A Common Theme in the ANA and ICN Codes
*The ANA and ICN codes apply to all nurses regardless of their role. While no code can provide
all the answers to every situation, these codes serve as mandates for accountability in practice
and establish profession boundaries
ANA Code 2001 correct answers *Contains 9 nonnegotiable moral provisions with regard to
nurses' work
*Requires nurses to be attentive and loyal to each patient in their care and to be cognizant of
ethical issues and conflicts of interest that could have a negative effect on patient relationships
and care
*Changes included:
-eliminating the word "client" and returning to the term "patient"
-application of ethical guidelines to nurse in all roles
-concession that research is one, but not the only method, of contributing to the development of
professional nursing
-emphasis on nurses owe the same obligation to themselves as they do to others
-recommendation that members who represent nursing associations are responsible for
expressing nursing values, maintaining profession integrity, and participating the public policy
development
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