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Anesthesiology Exam 1

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Anesthesiology Exam 1 anesthesia - loss of sensation to part/entire body to depress the activity of nervous tissue locally/regionally/within CNS general anesthesia - drug induced unconsciousness that is characterized by controlled but reversible depression of CNS anesthesiologist -...

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  • 10 december 2024
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Anesthesiology Exam 1

anesthesia - loss of sensation to part/entire body to depress the activity of nervous tissue
locally/regionally/within CNS



general anesthesia - drug induced unconsciousness that is characterized by controlled but reversible
depression of CNS



anesthesiologist - a person with a doctoral degree who has been certified by the ACVAA/ECVAA and
legally qualified to administer anesthetics/related techniques



anesthetist - a person who administers anesthetics who is NOT certified



reasons for anesthesia - -surgical procedures (elective, emergency, minor/major)

-medical procedures (dental, deep ear flush)

-diagnostic procedures (endoscopy, diagnostic image, FNA)



4 main components of anesthesia - -amnesia

-analgesia

-unconsciousness

-myorelaxation



patient assessment - to make sure anesthesia period is safe for patients while providing practical
framework for delivering anesthesia care before, during, and after procedure



what is are risks that are specific to patients - size, age, medical procedures



ASA-PS - classification system to asses a patients physical status and risks of anesthesia to patient (the
higher the ASA-PS, the worse the outcome)

, ASA class 1 - normal healthy patient



ASA class 2 - patient with mild systemic disease



ASA class 3 - patient with severe systemic disease



ASA class 4 - patient with severe systemic disease that is constant threat to life



ASA class 5 - moribund patient not expected to survive with out emergent procedure



what are other things to be kept in mind with patient assessment - -disease related risks

-monitoring physiological parameters/provision of physiologic support

-resource of staffs, equipment, drug availability

-history and PE (within 12-24 hours of anesthesia)

-time of day



what are the components of the anesthesia machine - -F: flowmeter

-R: regulator

-O: oxygen/other medial gases

-G: gas (vaporizer)

-S: scavenger



purpose of the flowmeter - to precisely control the delivery of a specific amount of medical gas
(usually oxygen) through the vaporizer to the patient



what does the color green mean - oxygen



what does the color yellow mean - medical air

, what does the color blue mean - N2O



what is flow rate determined by - observing the bob/float in the flowmeter (read middle of ball or top
of float)



purpose of regulator - reduces the high pressure from the medical gas to a working pressure, reduces
risk of patients airway/machine damage and provides constant flow



what are the three different pressure of a regulator - -high pressure system (1900-2200 PSI)

-intermediate pressure system (45-50 PSI)

-low pressure system (16 PSI)



purpose of hanger yoke (cylinder yoke) - allows portable tank to be connected to machine



what does the safety system for oxygen do - prevents accidental connection/wrong gas



PISS system - pin index safety system



DISS system - diameter index safety system



Type E tank - -small tank

-N2O: 1590 L, 745 PSI

-O2: 660 L, 1900 PSI

-medical air: 625 L, 1900 PSI



type H tank - -large tank

-N2O: 15800 L, 745 PSI

-O2: 6900 L, 2200 PSI

, -medical air: 6550 L, 2200 PSI



oxygen flushing valve - allows high volume of O2 to bypass the vaporizer and common gas outlet to
breathing circuit when activated--used to dilute aesthetic agent during anesthesia emergency



when should you never use the oxygen flushing valve? - when the patient is connected (barotrauma)



what is the normal oxygen flow rate - 35-75 L/min at 58 PSI



what is the purpose of the scavenger - used to minimize pollution to working environment



passive scavenging system - active charcoal canister that absorbs halogenated hydrocarbon
anesthetics (high resistance to waste gas flow->ineffective at eliminated N2O)



when should you replace your passive scavenging system canister - when the canister is 50g heavier
than the initial weight



active scavenging system - effective at removing waste gas (vacuum pump needed), competitively
vacuum the fresh gas supply and affect patients ventilation/oxygenation



what should halogenated anesthetics not exceed - 2 ppm when used alone



RVOLTS - R: resistance: high vs low

V: vaporization: flow over vs injection

O: output method: variable bypass vs measured

L: location: VIC vs VOC

T: temp. compensation: mechanical vs compound

S: agent specificity: iso, sevo, desflurane

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