Bch210 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Membranes (both outside and inside the cell) correct answer: Not a static structure, very important for cell function. They contain proteins that are very complex and vital to cell life. Mitochondria membranes correct answer: Very vital for the cell, has both an inner and outer membrane. What drives membrane formation? correct answer: A decrease in ionic interactions with water / limiting the hydrophobic interactions drives membrane formation. Lipid tails are ... correct answer: Hyd...

proteins correct answer: polymers of amino acids linked in a linear chain by peptide/amide bonds (polypeptides) polysaccharides correct answer: polymers of sugars (mono-saccharides) linked in linear and branched chains by glycosidic bonds DNA correct answer: polymers of nucleotides linked in linear chains by phosphodiester bonds protein enzymes correct answer: Linkages (bonds) are formed/broken by _______? sickle cell anemia correct answer: a single amino acid change in hemoglob...

What is the formula for a monosaccharide? Use an example to describe how monosaccharides link to form disaccharides correct answer: (CH2O)*n, where n is the number of carbons and must be greater than 3 (e.g. glucose has 6 carbons, C6H12O6). Glucose and fructose are both monosaccharides, which link through a glycosidic bond to form sucrose, a disaccharide Name, classify and describe the two simplest monosaccharides (3 carbons) correct answer: Glyceraldehyde: Aldo-triose, aldehyde on one end ...

Name three factors responsible for membrane formation correct answer: Decrease in ionic interactions with water Decrease in membrane entropy Non-covalent interactions between lipids and proteins What membrane structures allow the cell membrane to modulate cell-cell recognition? correct answer: Glycoproteins and glycoplipids What non-covalent forces drive spontaneous membrane assembly? correct answer: Hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals What is the most important re...

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Which AA likes to form alpha helix? correct answer: Glutamate Which AA likes to form beta sheet correct answer: Valine Which amino acids have aliphatic side chains? correct answer: alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, which amino acids have aliphatic hydroxyl side chains? correct answer: serine and threonine which amino acids have aromatic side chains? correct answer: phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan which amino acids are sulfur containing? correct answer: cyste...

What does Rotenone and amytal do? correct answer: Inhibit electron flow from complex I to CoQ What does antimycin A do? correct answer: blocks complex III What does Cyanide, azide and Co do? correct answer: Inhibit complex IV what does oligomycin do? correct answer: inhibits ATP synthase, by binding to c subunit of ATP synthase blocking the flow of protons What are uncouplers? correct answer: disconnect ATP synthesis from electron flow, have ability to transport protons across i...

What are the three types of membrane proteins? correct answer: 1) Peripheral 2) Integral 3) Lipid anchored What are peripheral membrane proteins? correct answer: - Adhere to surface of lipid membranes or integral membrane proteins through non-covalent interactions - Can be removed using milder conditions What is the signature amino acid sequence for amphipathic helices? correct answer: P-P-NP-NP-P-P-NP-NP alternating polar and non-polar aa What are integral membrane proteins? ...

How does membrane formation occur? correct answer: decrease in ionic bond with water What are the main functions of the cell membrane? correct answer: - barrier regulating the import and export of essential molecules - Compartmentalization of specialized processes increases cellular efficiency. - modulates cell-cell recognition due to the presence of glycoproteins and glycolipids. - Signalling across the membrane is mediated by proteins and lipids. What is the fluid mosaic model? corr...