Cmb2004 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

CMB2004 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...

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What is the specific/adaptive immunity? ~~> induced by exposure to an infection, very specific and has memory Describe the receptors in the specific immune response ~~> clonaly distributed, a large repitoire at a low frequency What is clonal selection? ~~> during development, cells recognising self material are destroyed leaving only those recognising non-self Whats the role of clonal selection? ~~> reduces the repertoire leaving a pool of mature naive lymphocytes which ca...

What are the 4 sources of infection? ~~> Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites What does the immune system need to be able to do for an effective immune response? ~~> 1- Be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism 2- Not over react to benign or self 3- Be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different pathogens approximately how many bacteria are their and how many are named? ~~> 10^9 bacteria and 30000 named What is specific/adaptive immunity? ~...

Pathogens that may infect mammals can include fungi, bacteria, viruses as well as large, multi-cellular organisms such as ~~> helminths The first phase of an immune response is known as as the innate response with the second phase called the ~~> acquired/adaptive The acquired phase is specific and relies on the detection of infectious agents using ~~> .receptors expressed by lymphocytes The process by which enough cells expressing receptors for the correct pathogen is know...

Why do we need immunological tolerance? ~~> This allows us to get random generation of the repertoire of BCR and TCR This means self-reactive specificities will be made Without tolerance, we will get self destruction How do lymphocytes become tolerant? ~~> Central tolerance - they encounter antigens in the central lymphoid organs when they are immature Peripheral tolerance - they encounter antigens in the peripheral tissues in the absence of other necessary signals What is t...

What must an effective immune response do? (4 things) ~~> Be able to recognise and respond to invading pathogen Not over-react to to benign or self Be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different pathogens Links innate and adaptive responses What is adaptive immunity? (3 details) ~~> It is induced by exposure to a PARTICULAR infection, it has a high degree of specificity. It exhibits memory What is the clonal selection theory? Why? 2 | P a g e | © copyright ...

Are B and T lymphocytes part of the adaptive or innate immune response? ~~> Adaptive it is the immune memory evolved over time What is the clonal selection theory? ~~> Immature lymphocytes that could self find are destroyed Mature naive lymphocytes are mature until they are exposed to antigens What are the two types of B receptor? ~~> Membrane bound And released from membrane they are known as antibodies T cell receptors are only membrane bound and are formed of what hete...