Nucleophile - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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CHM 2211L Key PASSED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Mixtures have (higher/lower) melting points than pure substanceslower 
What is the purpose of sodium acetate solution in the amide synthesis of 
acetophenetidin?In the acylation reaction, the amine acts as a nucleophile, but we have 
the ammonium salt present in our solution. This ammonium salt can't act as a nucleophile (it 
doesn't have non-bonded electrons to use), so we need to add something to deprotonate the 
ammonium salt. This is the purpose of the sodium acetate - it is just a wea...
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Chem 210 – Reactions Questions 100% Answered!
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Reagent = Nucleophile Only - ANSWER1° = Sn2 
2° = Sn2 
3° = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessary) 
 
Reagent = Strong Nucleophile & Strong Base - ANSWER1° = Sn2 
2° = E2 
3° = E2 
 
Reagent = Weak Nucleophile and Weak Base - ANSWER1°/2° = No Reaction 
3°/resonance stabilized carbocation = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessry 
 
Reagent = Base Only - ANSWER1° = E2 or Sn2 (if unhindered and no beta-hydrogen with unhindered base) 
2° = E2 
3° = E2 
 
Examples of Only Nucleophiles - ANSWERCl⁻, ...
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Orgo McMurry Ch. 11 Actual Questions And Answers Verified.
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Alkyl halides do one of two things when they react with a nucleophile/base, such as a hydroxide ion... - correct answer (1) undergo SUBSTITUTION of the X group by the nucleophile 
OR 
(2) undergo ELIMINATION of HX to yield an alkene 
 
carbon-halogen bonds in alkyl halides are polar and the carbon atoms are electron-poor, thus, alkyl halides are ELECTROPHILES 
 
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions - correct answer -each st...
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Organic Chemistry ACS Final Exam Study Questions and Answers with Complete Solution 2024
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Basicity rules - -strong base: unstable/reactive (ED groups) 
-weak base: stable (EW groups/more EN/bigger) 
 
Chair conformation - -more stable equitorial (slanted) 
-pointing up/pointing down=cis if both up 
-elimination: trans and diaxial 
 
Newman projection - -gauche: substituent groups adjacent to eachother 
-grab middle and turn to put in plane 
 
Enantiomers - -not superimposable mirror images 
-same besides stereochemistry 
 
Diastereomers - -mirror images but one stereocenter stays and...
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MCAT Organic Chemistry Exam Questions and Answers
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MCAT Organic Chemistry Exam Questions and Answers 
Instantaneous Dipole Moment - Answer-Exists in an otherwise nonpolar molecule. Occurs because the electrons in a bond move about the orbital and at any moment may not be distributed exactly between the two bonding atoms, even when the atoms are identical. 
 
London Dispersion Forces - Answer-Occur between two instantaneous dipoles; the weakest dipole-dipole force (vs. hydrogen bonds which are the strongest dipole-dipole forces). 
 
Wolff-Kishner...
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UMICH CHEM 210 - Exam #3 - Reaction Mechanisms Accurate 100%
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SN1 Reaction - ANSWER- Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 
- 2 steps 
- Starting with enantiomerically pure product tends to result in some degree of racemization 
- Retention AND inversion at stereocenter (R and S) 
- 1 nucleophile is replaced by another nucleophile 
- Carbocation INTERMEDIATE forms 
- Rate is dependent only on substrate concentration 
 
1. LG leaves, forming a carbocation 
2. Nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming the product 
 
SN2 Reaction - ANSWER- Bimolecular nuc...
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IB Organic Chemistry (HL) Latest Update 100% Solved
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IB Organic Chemistry (HL) Latest Update 
 
100% Solved 
 
chiral carbon A carbon that is singly bonded to 4 different atoms forming a tetrahedron that 
forms non-superimposable mirror images 
 
homolytic fission breaking a bond where each electron in a bond goes to one atom 
 
heterolytic fission breaking a bond where both electrons in a bond goes to one atom 
 
homologous series A series of molecules that have the same general formula but differ by the 
number of CH2's, has similar chemical ...
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DAT Organic Chemistry Review Practice Test.
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DAT Organic Chemistry Review Practice Test. 
 
 
Which are more stable conformers - CORRECT ANSWER staggered 
 
What are the rate laws of SN2 and E2 reactions - CORRECT ANSWER rate= k [RX][Nu:-] 
 
rate depends on concentrations of alkyl halide and nucleophile 
 
What are the rate laws of SN1 and E1 reactions - CORRECT ANSWER rate= k[RX] 
 
rate only depends on the concentration of the alkyl halide 
 
E2 elimination reactions must occur in bonds that are - CORRECT ANSWER coplanar or antiperiplan...
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UMICH CHEM 210 - Exam #3 - Reaction Mechanisms 100% Correct
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UMICH CHEM 210 - Exam #3 - Reaction Mechanisms 100% Correct 
 
 
SN1 Reaction - ANSWER- Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 
- 2 steps 
- Starting with enantiomerically pure product tends to result in some degree of racemization 
- Retention AND inversion at stereocenter (R and S) 
- 1 nucleophile is replaced by another nucleophile 
- Carbocation INTERMEDIATE forms 
- Rate is dependent only on substrate concentration 
 
1. LG leaves, forming a carbocation 
2. Nucleophile attacks the carbocati...
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CHM2210 TOP Study Guide Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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What is nucleophilic substitution?replacing a leaving group (halogen) w/ a nucleophile 
what is beta-eliminationa halogen and hydrogen are removed and a pi bond is formed 
rate the alkyl halides from most to least reactiveRI > RBr > RCl >> RF 
what is a protic solventhas hydrogen bonding 
list aprotic solventsDMSO 
DMF 
acetone 
acetonitrile 
THF
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