Echo board exam Questions and Answers

List some possible etiologies for pulmonary hypertension. Ans- An access of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery. Reduction in the caliber of the pulmonary vasculature (vasoconstriction) either: (A)Primaryunknown cause (B)Secondary- due to long-standing pulmonary congestion due to left h...

MMode aortic regurgitation signs Ans- Diastolic Mitral valve fluttering Premature mitral valve closure Aortic pressure halftime values Ans- Mild > 500 msec Mod 500-200 msec severe <200 msec Descending Aorta diastolic flow reversal Ans- called "retrograde" Mild AI has an ________ tra...

Bernoulli's Equation is a relationship between Ans- pressure gradient and velocity Pattern of LV diastolic filling varies with Ans- age, HR, and PR interval On the ventricular aspect of each cusp of the aortic valve there is normally an area of thickening in the middle of the free edge that w...

101. An intraoperative trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed mitral regurgitation with the following measurements: regurgitant jet area 4 cm2, PISA radius 0.8 cm at a Nyquist limit of 50 cm/s at a heart rate of 82 beats/min and arterial blood pressure 80/40 mmHg. This represents: ...

Which view do you start with in cardiac imaging? Ans- 2D Which imaging modes are used? Ans- 2D, m-mode, color Doppler, Doppler What does Doppler allow us to analyze? Ans- flow What does color Doppler allow us to analyze? Ans- visually analyze flow Which view is M-mode used in? Ans- paraster...

to obtain a 12- lead ECG you must apply how many lead wires and electrodes to the patient? Ans- 10 the most common setting for standard speed rate on the ECG machine is Ans- 25 mm/sec for the proper placement of V3, you must have placed which other two leads on the patient's chest? Ans- v2...

Where precisely is the heart located? Ans- The heart sits in the mediastinum (the space between the lungs), just a little to the left of the center in most people (2/3 of the heart is left of center, while 1/3 is right). How many chambers does the heart have? How many on the right? How many on...

Describe how the term "active filling" can be used when describing the phases of diastole. Ans- Active filling occurs in the last part of diastole (atrial contraction) when the atrium pushes the blood through the AV valve Into The ventricle (25 to 30%). Describe how was the term "passive ...

Which valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences? Ans- Mitral valve Which valve separates the areas of lowest pressure differences? Ans- Tricuspid valve What groove does the LAD lie? Ans- The anterior inter-ventricular groove (sulcus) What's a sulcus? Ans- a groove Which aor...

D-Transposition of the great arteries Ans- LV/RV normal orientation. Aorta leaves RV, Pulm Valve leaves LV - Needs balloon septostomy, otherwise not compatible with life L-Transposition of the great arteries (Congenitally corrected transposition) Ans- The aorta arises from the ventricle that is ...

When does simplified Bernoulli equation not apply in aortic valve assessment? Ans- When proximal velocity is > 1.5 m/sec Doppler frequency shift equation Ans- Doppler shift = (2 x velocity of sample relative to source x transducer frequency x cos[θ]) / speed of sound in the tissue Will low...

LV Mass weight) remains normal in chronic: Ans- mitral stenosis High engulation of an M-mode tranducer bean equals to Ans- pseudo bicuspid AV What is the primary effect of long standing AI? Ans- decreased EF High velocity jet (4 m/sec) will be what type of trace MS or AI? Ans- AI Which of th...

When a patient has aortic regurgitation what is the equation for calculating left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)? Ans- LVEDP= Diastolic BP- end diastolic AR gradient Common associated defects with ventricular septal defect Ans- pulmonic stenosis with VSDs Common associated defects ...

which valve separates the areas of greatest pressure diffrences ? lowest ? Ans- mitral valve tricuspid valve where does the LAD lie? Ans- in the anterior interventricular groove or suculus which aortic valve leaflet is superior in the PLAX view? Ans- right coronary cusp From the left paraste...