Summary
Summary Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology - Drainage Basin System
- Institution
- CIE
The Drainage Basin System of Rivers, AS level Geography.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
1.1: The drainage basin systemhydrological cycle: interaction between atmosphere, lithosphere and
biosphere
drainage basin system: open system which allows movement of
energy and mass through its borders
Outputs
evaporation: liquid into gas, most important in oceans.
- increases in warm, dry conditions and decreases in cold, calm
conditions.
- losses are greater in arid and semi-arid climates than in polar
regions.
- factors affecting rate:
● meteorological factors: temperature, humidity and wind
speed.
● water availability
● vegetation cover
● colour of surface
evapotranspiration: process by which water escapes from a living plant
(stomata or surface of leaf) and enters the atmosphere.
- represents most important aspect of water loss
- pure evaporative losses occur over ice, snow fields, rock slopes,
desert areas, water surfaces and bare soil.
- factors affecting rate:
● factors affecting evaporation
● plant adaptations: cacti reduce water loss.
potential evapotranspiration: difference lies in concept of moisture
availability; water loss that would occur if there was an unlimited supply
of water in soil for the use of vegetation.
river discharge: movement of water in channels.
- may enter river directly as precipitation or by surface runoff,
groundwater flow or throughflow.
, Stores
interception: water that is caught and stored by vegetation. increases
rate of infiltration. Three main components:
- vegetation storage: water retained by plant surfaces , later
evaporated away or absorbed by a plant - varies with plant type
- throughfall: water that either falls through gaps in vegetation or
drops from leaves
- stemflow: water that trickles along twigs and branches, and finally
down the trunk
less from grasses than from woodland - smaller surface area of grass.
increases with crop density.
soil water: subsurface water in the soil and subsurface layers above
water table. water may be:
- absorbed
- held
- transmitted downwards → water table
- transmitted upwards → soil surface and atmosphere.
coarse-textured soils: much of water is held and fairly large pores at low
suctions.
- field capacity: the amount of water held in the soil before
saturation.
- wilting point: range of moisture content in which permanent wilting
of plants occurs.
Seasonal variations in soil moisture budgets:
- soil moisture deficit: degree to which soil moisture falls below field
capacity. Soil moisture deficit is very low during late winter and
early spring in temperate areas due to high levels of precipitation.
- soil moisture recharge: occurs when precipitation exceeds
potential EVT - some refilling of water in the dried-up pores of the
soil.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller danielperea-milla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77764 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now