Summary of all the benzene chemistry with well presented mechanisms of all the reactions. Includes important exam information such as why phenol groups are more likely to undergo electrophilic substitution in comparison to benzene. Broken into condensed bullet point notes in neat spider diagram for...
double bonds
◦
Electrophiles must have
strong positive •
charge to attack benzene
ring
Expected bond length C- C (l54pm)
•
and G- C ◦
Halogen carrier
catalysts make
te
(134pm) but benzene has serine
stronger electrophiles
(140
all carbon carbon bonds
pm)
us µ •
Halogen
electrons
carrier accepts
from halogen on
lone
an
pair of
electrophile
↑ and
Benzene doesn't
•
As lone pair pulled away polarisation
deccrourise
•
benzene
G-7 cation forms making electrophile stronger
bromine water
•
Expected enthalpy of hydrogenation -360kJmoi' Clz -1 Alas → a+
+ Alai ( OR Fe Brg)
°ᵗ"°ⁿ
↑
halogen
experimental -208 kJmd ! Less carbocation
-
exothermic ,
more carrier
eeeea-ropn.eu,
" "" " "" "" " "" "
" "
"
'+ * a
stability comes from delocalised ya electrophilic
ring of electrons
→ I → + Ht lone
•
pair of
a
system inc ,
1-1+-1^-144 Alas
-
+ HCl ring making
"""""""""ˢ""""
→
Diedmd •
shake phen
overlap)
OH
•
each carbon forms 3 6 bonds (head on
,
1
Jtf É
" """ """
" "" """ " " " " "" "" """
"
" "
sideways ◦vena
's
M bond
CH } Cl -1 Alas → CH}-1 + Aldi ← REFLUX
C -
C
✓ ,
c. →
one
ring above "↳ "
↳
✗ one below tea Alas
0
→ + +
→
c- C ,
O Y _fia
p orbital
Sigma bond
FÉAyaM
Reflux benzene with acyl chloride-1 halogen carrier (in a non-aqueous Hojo
•
solvent like
dry ether) -0
phenylketones
cttz coat Alclz → Cttscot + All 4-
""" """" "" """ "he ?
1T¥ "→°Éo %
""
1+13 CO
'
•
Benzene's de localised Tl system spreads + tet
Out negative charge making it stable salicylic ac
very
Phenyl ethanol + few drop
Unwilling to
undergo addition reactions +
◦
AlCl4 Phosphoric
-
* + -0 Alclz + tech
that destroys stable ring
•
In alkenes C=c bonds area
of high Add cold
Phl (+ NaOH
•
cod ice
electrophiles
on
electron
density attracts ,
but
"" "
" ""
"
"" """ " """ "
" "
water
charge is spread out
•
to react via electrophilic
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