Notes compiled from the Edexcel textbook, revision guides and class notes. Condensed so includes all information needed for final exam. It was used for the bulk of my revision and go the an A* in 2022 exams (first year after COVID-19 disruption).
What changed? Where and when did this happen? Cause - Why did this happen? Consequence - What impact did this have?
Increase in population - Uneven distribution of population - First Civil War because of the conflict - increase in poverty
1520-1680 = doubled increase because 3/4 of population lived and uncertainty. It would be less of - Increase in vagrants (town to town looking for
population from 2.5 million in South East priority. employment) - shortage of work in town and country
Average growth a year = - North was less inhabited HOWEVER - 2/3 of population below poverty line - including those
0.5% - After First Civil War (1642-46) population - migration increased during times of war in textiles industry
growth slowed - Migration due to religious toleration - Number of poor rose as population rose
Criteria - Migration mostly in towns (1600 - 35% of increasing - Number of vagrants increased - more poor people
Norwich) but some migration to London - Economic migration from Low Countries and migration
Relational Variation - North for leisure/work (European) - Apprenticeships and professionals increased = less
and South differences - Lower mortality rate - Job security = more children work for labourers
- Even after Great Plague (1665) there was - Lower mortality rate due to the previous - Increased importance of provincial towns and growth
Chronological Variation - time steady increases in population size bubonic plague and Black Death of towns/London
changes such as the Civil - Reduced epidemic outbreaks - Profit for farmers
War changed population - Better strategy to deal with epidemics
by isolating individuals and closing A population growth of 0.5% each year is a significant
theatres amount, especially when compared to the previous
- After Great Plague deaths - older decades that saw rising death rates du to the plague.
generation died. Young lived and got There was a significant rise. However, the rise was not
married earlier widespread with most population increases in the
- Early marriage = more children (mortality Southeast, this limits its impact.
increase = fertility increase) It can be said that the social impact was also great on
the rise in poverty. Both positive and negative effects.
The widespread rise in poverty caused movement to
London which had an impact on economic growth.
Growth of London - 1650- largest city in Western Europe - Migration within Britain because - growth of Stuart economy
Estimate 400,000 - 500,000 - Majority of economic migrants choosing traditional view of living in one area was - Rural economy growth due to increased agricultural
pop. to move to London challenged by historians demand to feed London population (400% more grain
1700 - 9% of English - 10x bigger than the next English towns - Wealthy professionals moving to London 1600-1680)
population (2.25% in 1520) Norwich and Bristol - Poor working class moving to London - Supported increased demand for goods - road and
- North contained less large towns so for work shipping network
moved to London (ie Southeast) - - Widespread poverty caused movement - Led to increased demand for food (agriculture) and
regional variation - Small farmers moved to London due to coal
breakdown in agriculture
- Religious Toleration - London was most The growth of London had a greater impact on the
accepting economy because of it ties to trade and industry. This
had economic impacts on both urban and rural
economies (widespread). There was also an increase in
Britain’s foreign presence as a great power whilst the
Empire was being built.
, Low Countries Map of Britain
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