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Economic Policy Aims - situation in Russia when Features - how was it different from before? Impact on Bolsheviks consolidating power - why was
introduced this policy abandoned?
State Capitalism 1. Practical Reasons - prevent November 1917 - Decree on Land = legitimised On Industry ECONOMIC
economic decline: peasant land seizures and drew on the SR’s Economic policy was not systematic so was
October 1917 - - Inflation limited - unable to to have a widespread
land policy
July 1918 impact on entire economic sphere - thus not as
- Rising unemployment significant.
- Reduced productivity November 1917 - Decree on Worker’s Control
- Prevent WW1 and Civil War - Change - gave workers a say on factory Peasants seizing land = small-scale farming
(started in October) from operation and ensure proper treatment and no surplus grain to feed the workers
causing more economic - Continuity - workers not able to seize control - Food shortages led workers to desert cities to
return to their villages
decline and run factories themselves. Bourgeoise - 1918-1920 Petrograd lost 3/4 of its population
- Resist independence of managers and experts retained their roles in - 1918-1920 Moscow lost 1/2
national minorities because factories. - Factories short of labour = lower productivity
needed their resources.
December 1917 - the Supreme Council of Less grain to export = less government
2. Ideological Reasons - gain National Economy = Vesenkha = monitored the revenue
support = had promised peace, activity of private companies that controlled
Brest-Litovsk had happened Nov 1917 - adapt
land and bread. much of industry. to changing economic situation - so changed
- Appease the demands from - Change - state control and management to war communism.
the industrial workers and - Continuity - a lot of industry was under
peasantry (essential to the private ownership - did not meet socialist Society SOCIAL
Bolshevik support) demands Appeased the peasants by recognising their
- Gain support after closing land seizures - therefore, secured support from
the demographic.
the CA Programme of nationalisation = government
- Gain support of the left-wing taking over private owned businesses Restored faith of peasants in the regime
Bolsheviks calling for - 14 December banking industry taken over by because the Whites (civil war opponents)
socialism army and state wanted to return land seizures bad to former
- Evidence of losing support: - iIndividual factories nationalised owners. = made Bolsheviks look better than
- Nationalism ‘from below’ workers taking opposition.
in Constituent Assembly
elections they won less than control of enterprises. Appeased the workers - gave into their
a 1/4 of the popular vote - Change - recognition of workers control demands for control over working hours and
AND Civil War - Change - signified a move away from productivity.
- SRs and liberals against capitalism and towards communism.
political system + closing Unpopular - limited workers control and put
control into hands of state not the proletariate
CA = Civil War Aims of socialism they met
(Lenin had promised a worker’s revolution and
- National minorities oppose - No private ownership temporary dictatorship of the proletariat if the
Lenin - Nationalisation - but limited CA was closed)
- All members of society share state
recourses
- Developed industry
- Less dependence on peasantry and
, Economic Policy Aims - situation in Russia when Features - how was it different from before? Impact on Bolsheviks consolidating power - why was
introduced this policy abandoned?
Balance between the two aims. Threatened syndicalism movements (worker
- Lenin did not want to put controlled economy)
control in workers hands
The problems of low pay were not solved - still
because they were not discontent from the working class. Although
experienced and knew it they did manage to increased productivity this
would decrease productivity was at the expense of low wages.
- Was it more effective than
before? Vesenkha employed factory owners - this
meant that the monitoring of activity was not in
the interest of the workers. Likely that private
ownership would continue to go unmonitored.
Politics POLITICAL
Left SR’s joined Lenin’s government because
he used their land policy - beneficial for
consolidation of power because they have less
opposition politically = significant because
SR’s were active in peasant ‘Green’ armies in
the civil war.
Popular among the Bolsheviks - Criticised by
Nikolai Bukharin and the left wing Bolsheviks.
The changes to the economy moved Russia
towards communism - which was ideologically
opposed by the British forces = intervention of
foreign powers in the Civil War = the Whites
have more funding to oppose Bolsheviks
Support from other political groups was not as
significant because mid-1918 the Mensheviks
and SR’s had been expelled from the soviets =
used Cheka to force conformity. Therefore,
economic policies not only factor
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