Lecture notes
Detailed A* Notes on Impact of WW1 on army, economy, Tsarina and Gov.
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
A* student (currently studying at Oxford) notes.
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Criteria: instability caused by lack of co operation, disorder, lack of support, weakness in war.Area Explanation Impact it had on Tsar and people How did it lead to instability of the regime?
Armed - 1914 = the Russian Imperial Army had Impact on Tsar Lack of popularity - The military failures of the army
forces strengthened - After the loss of Poland, he took command of created discontent and furthered the lack of patriotism
- Largest army in Europe at the time with 1.4 the army himself (he was unqualified) that already existed. Both the soldiers in the army and
million men - Could be said his poor leadership was the the workers/peasants at home were unhappy with the
- It had also recovered from the defeat in the reason for the Brusilov Offensive failing conditions they were living in. The army being less
Russo-Japanese War (1905) by re-arming and - LINK to Tsar and Rasputin - Left the running patriotic caused more military failures (endless cycle
modernising (CHANGE was a good thing of government to Tsarina Alexandra (at a time which the Tsar failed to resolve as Head of the army).
here) when her popularity was decreasing because With both foreign and domestic struggles, the Tsar
HOWEVER of Rasputin and rumours) struggled to stay in control, which is seen when he left
- Generals were appointed by nepotism rather his wife in charge. Furthermore, the nepotism in the
than ability (aristocracy not meritocracy) Impact on people army strengthened the idea that aristocracy and nobility
- Education and physical condition on the - LINK to the economy - cost of fighting the were more important to the Tsar than social/military
soldiers was poor war and maintains the large force put strains successes. Thus, the public resented the decisions of
- Poorly motivated because soldiers were loyal on the economy the Tsar.
to their district and not Russia as a whole - - Loss of agricultural workers and horses to the Weak - the defeats made Russia seem weak and less
they lacked patriotism army put strains on production of food able to create an empire. The same embarrassment that
- Poorly equipped: not enough heavy artillery, - 1 million men killed or wounded happened during the Russo-Japanese War (one could
machine guns or rifles - 1 million taken prisoner after the Battle of argue it was just as significant a reason for Revolution).
- LINK to economic problems - Russian Tannenberg The regime had failed to expand its territory and had
industry could not produce enough rifles - People lost faith in the regime failed to defend its territory against Germany. Instability
(produced 27,000 but needed 100,000 a - Soldiers were demoralised and more likely to across the entire geographic region.
month) desert and surrender on the battlefield Economy - the cost of the army was too great and this
- Lost Battle of Tanneburg and Masurian Lakes - Discontent with the Tsar and government could not be balanced with the already weakened
- Lost Poland and Lithuania etc economy. The economy was unstable and led to the
- 1915 - The Great Retreat 1916 internal trade crisis where the peasants were
- Brusilov Offensive failed hardest hit. The land reforms of Stolypin had been
counterintuitive, turning the peasantry against the Tsarist
regime — leading to disorder.
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