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Essay Plan - How far could the historian make use of Sources 1 and 2 to investigate the political tensions that existed in Russia in 1906?£3.49
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How far could the historian make use of Sources 1 and 2 to inves8gate the poli%cal tensions that existed in Russia in 1906?
Content: Posi%ves Inference Contextual / own knowledge
Source 1 “On the leE of the The diversity of the Duma is conveyed through the myriad of different groups present The First Duma was dissolved aEer two
throne...peasants... merchants and in the Duma. This shows how many different groups in Russia had opposed the months because of the ‘radical’ leE side
tradespeople...lawyers, priests” autocracy that the “opposite side” upheld. Despite this variety of people that wanted that wanted reforms. (April - June 1906)
“On the opposite side...members of a successful Duma, the right side of the hall opposed them. It is clear here that the
the Council of State” divisions in Russia are deep and that this caused tension, leading to an unsuccessful The government did not expect the first
“Rough clothes” vs “decora8ons” Duma. A historian could infer that the Duma is polarised (lots of poli8cal tension) Duma to be full of leE wing groups -
which meant that liRle reform was made, when compared to the Third and Fourth peasants, liberal middle class lawyers
Duma’s which were right wing dominated (less polarised) and passed more reforms. and businessmen.
Source 2 “Sat with us were members of the The Council of State acted for the Tsar’s interest (i.e were the government). The
The government instantly refused the
State Council and high officials” opposite side had peasants and other men. This is more vague but is accurate as it
reforms for full democra8sa8on, land
“Among the peasants...” shows the two groups in the Duma which would oppose each other’s reform in the
reform and amnesty for poli8cal
First Duma. A historian could see the class divisions between the two groups. The
prisoners. - it had made 391 requests
‘high officials’ being the upper class whilst the peasants were the lowest class in
for ac8on and only 2 resolu8ons were
Russia. In this way, it is suggested that poli8cal tensions are a result of class divides
passed.
that bureaucracy upholds. It is also useful to note that the words “sat with us”
suggests a wide separa8on between the Tsar and his subjects which is a tension and
factor leading to the 1917 revolu8on.
Combining When taken together the two sources show the divisions between the government and members of the Duma which would have fuelled poli8cal tension and
sources instability. A historian could infer that the First Duma in 1906 was more polarised than the Third and Fourth Duma’s aEer the electoral changes in 1907. The First Duma
was more leE wing and radical than the government expected sugges8ng that the reason for lack of reform was the clear divisions of ideology and class between the
government and Duma members.
Content: Limita%ons
Source 1 “Showing no enthusiasm” The United States ambassador explains that the there was no support for the Tsar Fundamental Laws 1906 - failure of the
“But limited almost en8rely to the from the leE side of the hall, showing their obvious dissa8sfac8on with the Tsar. They government to respect the October
right side of the hall” were probably more angered aEer the Fundamental Laws. This opposes the view of Manifesto 1905. Gave the Tsar power to
Both also do not men8on Source 2, which shows conflic8ng viewpoints. Although this account is more accurate. override the decisions of the Duma and
Fundamental Laws - which are a It can also be argued that both the sources are too vague on the actual par8es that dissolve it which maintained autocracy
great cause for poli8cal tension in made up the Duma, which may be useful to understand how much influence each and opposed aims for complete
1906 (so maybe not poli8cal party had, which may offer an indica8on of how the poli8cal tension arose democra8sa8on
comprehensive enough) between specific par8es. However, the source does s8ll show the polarity and
divisions which is the more significant inference to a historian. Kadets (182) dominated the First Duma -
Trudoviks (136), Na8onal Par8es (60)
Source 2 “Peasants there were such This source contrasts source 1 in the response of the Duma members. The Tsar’s
wonderful faces” sister seems to believe that the peasants had remained loyal to the Tsar, when in
Mensheviks and Bolsheviks, SR’s
“Cheer broke out which was taken actual fact the Duma members were disillusioned with the regime. (Shows naivety of
boycoRed the elec8on
up by everyone” the royal family). Although the Tsar had appeased peasants and liberals with the
October Manifesto this was countered by the Fundamental Laws. In this way, Source
2 is less accurate and does not represent the poli8cal tensions of the First Duma
whereby the members did not clap or appreciate the Tsar’s speech.
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