Lecture notes
Detailed A* Notes on Stolypin's Reforms
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
A* student's notes on Stolypin. For a change and continuity style question or evidence for section A source questions.
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Positive of land reformsNegative of land reforms
Stolypin was Repressive Stolypin was Reformist
Martial Law - he made it easier to arrest and Knew that peasants were needed to improve the
convict political revolutionaries (increased the agricultural system. He believed that the rebellions
number under death penalty) from the peasants had reduced productivity (thus,
Controlling the political scene - if there are no more he needed to appease them to get economy
revolutionaries to vote for. growth)
Stolypin’s Necktie - significant effect on the social Continued industrialisation and urbanisation (like
view of the regime Witte) - achieve economic aims and avoid social
Stolypins Wagons - trains carrying off exhiled unrest
individuals BUT this can lead to growth of the more radical
working classes (fear of the proletariat)
Rapid trials for those who were ‘obviously guilty’ - Aimed to create new class = capitalist peasant
more room for corruption and abuse of power from owners who would have loyalty to the Tsar (active
the higher classes. support NOT passive - IE like the Black Hundreds
- cases were heard within 24 hours of offence who actively worked against revolutionaries)
- Trails were secret This would have political benefits:
- Not represented by a lawyer - peasants would develop attachment to private
- Trails lasted max 2 days ownership ideas so would resist the socialist
- Deaths sentences carried out 24 hours after revolutionary ideas
sentencing - Peasants that benefitted would have vested
- No appeals against verdicts allowed interests in survival of Tsarist regime
End of 1906 - 1000+ alleged terrorists tried and Annulment of Redemption Dues - 1906
executed
20,000 revolutionaries were sent into exile in Siberia Allowed peasant families to leave communes -
1907
Rate of leaving communes and consolidating Encouraging peasants to consolidate holding of
holdings slowed after the initial ‘rush’ land - 1907
The peasants were mainly found in most In first 2 years 15% of peasantry took up
prosperous areas —> Black Earth regions of South opportunities
Russia and Ukraine
Reforms cut short by World War I - not long term 1914 - 25% had left communes
10% had consolidated holdings
= Significant because of the vast number that
peasants were (100 million - 80% of population)
1916 - internal trade crisis = peasants were the first Two farming methods created:
hit because they were at the forefront of the Otrub = the owner if land lives in village (all land in
economy one place)
Khutor = owner lives far way from village (land is
split)
1917 Revolution called for “equal distribution of Fertilisers and machinery introduced for the first
land” - the peasants Stolypin had helped actually time.
were worse off because of that
1912 - Lena Goldfied massacre Can be argued that Stolypin began with repressive
His assassination in 1911 polices in order to create Reforms later on. He
Shows people were unhappy with the conditions wanted to pacify the peasantry before economically
and reforms. He was targeted for the failures of the reforming them
government as Prime Minister and Minister of “First pacification, then reforms”
Interior.
He also dissolved the Duma’s which channeled all He was NOT reactionary (he was a sophisticated
hate from 1905 - 1911 towards him conservative)
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